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We present a simple technique for semantic, open logical relations arguments about languages with recursive types, which, as we show, follows from a principled foundation in categorical semantics. We demonstrate how it can be used to give a…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2022-10-25 Fernando Lucatelli Nunes , Matthijs Vákár

Forward Automatic Differentiation (AD) is a technique for augmenting programs to compute derivatives. The essence of Forward AD is to attach perturbations to each number, and propagate these through the computation. When derivatives are…

Symbolic Computation · Computer Science 2019-09-23 Oleksandr Manzyuk , Barak A. Pearlmutter , Alexey Andreyevich Radul , David R. Rush , Jeffrey Mark Siskind

We study the correctness of automatic differentiation (AD) in the context of a higher-order, Turing-complete language (PCF with real numbers), both in forward and reverse mode. Our main result is that, under mild hypotheses on the primitive…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2021-01-13 Damiano Mazza , Michele Pagani

Automatic Differentiation (AD) is a powerful tool that allows calculating derivatives of implemented algorithms with respect to all of their parameters up to machine precision, without the need to explicitly add any additional functions.…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2020-06-23 Teresa Tamayo-Mendoza , Christoph Kreisbeck , Roland Lindh , Alán Aspuru-Guzik

Algorithmic differentiation (AD) is a set of techniques that provide partial derivatives of computer-implemented functions. Such a function can be supplied to state-of-the-art AD tools via its source code, or via an intermediate…

Mathematical Software · Computer Science 2023-07-10 Max Aehle , Johannes Blühdorn , Max Sagebaum , Nicolas R. Gauger

We show how the basic Combinatory Homomorphic Automatic Differentiation (CHAD) algorithm can be optimised, using well-known methods, to yield a simple, composable, and generally applicable reverse-mode automatic differentiation (AD)…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2023-11-15 Tom Smeding , Matthijs Vákár

Automatic differentiation (AD) has been a topic of interest for researchers in many disciplines, with increased popularity since its application to machine learning and neural networks. Although many researchers appreciate and know how to…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2023-08-10 Birthe van den Berg , Tom Schrijvers , James McKinna , Alexander Vandenbroucke

Automatic differentiation (AD) is an important family of algorithms which enables derivative based optimization. We show that AD can be simply implemented with effects and handlers by doing so in the Frank language. By considering how our…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2021-01-21 Jesse Sigal

Tools for algorithmic differentiation (AD) provide accurate derivatives of computer-implemented functions for use in, e. g., optimization and machine learning (ML). However, they often require the source code of the function to be available…

Mathematical Software · Computer Science 2022-12-29 Max Aehle , Johannes Blühdorn , Max Sagebaum , Nicolas R. Gauger

Algorithmic Differentiation (AD) can be used to automate the generation of derivatives in arbitrary software projects. This will generate maintainable derivatives, that are always consistent with the computation of the software. If a domain…

Mathematical Software · Computer Science 2018-03-13 Max Sagebaum , Nicolas R. Gauger

We show how to define forward- and reverse-mode automatic differentiation source-code transformations or on a standard higher-order functional language. The transformations generate purely functional code, and they are principled in the…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2021-01-25 Matthijs Vákár

Deep learning has seen tremendous success over the past decade in computer vision, machine translation, and gameplay. This success rests in crucial ways on gradient-descent optimization and the ability to learn parameters of a neural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-08-30 Fei Wang , Daniel Zheng , James Decker , Xilun Wu , Grégory M. Essertel , Tiark Rompf

Automatic differentiation (AD), a technique for constructing new programs which compute the derivative of an original program, has become ubiquitous throughout scientific computing and deep learning due to the improved performance afforded…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-10 Gaurav Arya , Moritz Schauer , Frank Schäfer , Chris Rackauckas

Algorithmic differentiation (AD) has become increasingly capable and straightforward to use. However, AD is inefficient when applied directly to solvers, a feature of most engineering analyses. We can leverage implicit differentiation to…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-06-28 Andrew Ning , Taylor McDonnell

In this paper we introduce DiffSharp, an automatic differentiation (AD) library designed with machine learning in mind. AD is a family of techniques that evaluate derivatives at machine precision with only a small constant factor of…

Mathematical Software · Computer Science 2015-11-30 Atilim Gunes Baydin , Barak A. Pearlmutter , Jeffrey Mark Siskind

We show how to apply forward and reverse mode Combinatory Homomorphic Automatic Differentiation (CHAD) to total functional programming languages with expressive type systems featuring the combination of - tuple types; - sum types; -…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2023-11-13 Fernando Lucatelli Nunes , Matthijs Vákár

First-order automatic differentiation is a ubiquitous tool across statistics, machine learning, and computer science. Higher-order implementations of automatic differentiation, however, have yet to realize the same utility. In this paper I…

Computation · Statistics 2019-01-01 Michael Betancourt

Alignment of large language models remains a central challenge in natural language processing. Preference optimization has emerged as a popular and effective method for improving alignment, typically through training-time or prompt-based…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Frédéric Berdoz , Luca A. Lanzendörfer , René Caky , Roger Wattenhofer

Where dual-numbers forward-mode automatic differentiation (AD) pairs each scalar value with its tangent value, dual-numbers reverse-mode AD attempts to achieve reverse AD using a similarly simple idea: by pairing each scalar value with a…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Tom Smeding , Matthijs Vákár

We review the current state of automatic differentiation (AD) for array programming in machine learning (ML), including the different approaches such as operator overloading (OO) and source transformation (ST) used for AD, graph-based…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-01-04 Bart van Merriënboer , Olivier Breuleux , Arnaud Bergeron , Pascal Lamblin