Related papers: Understanding in Artificial Intelligence
Large language models (LLMs) show increasingly advanced emergent capabilities and are being incorporated across various societal domains. Understanding their behavior and reasoning abilities therefore holds significant importance. We argue…
As artificial intelligence systems increasingly inform high-stakes decisions across sectors, transparency has become foundational to responsible and trustworthy AI implementation. Leveraging our role as a leading institute in advancing AI…
Artificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly emerging as an enabling tool for solving various complex materials design problems. This paper aims to review recent advances in AI-driven materials-by-design and their applications to energetic…
Chatbots are intelligent conversational computer systems designed to mimic human conversation to enable automated online guidance and support. The increased benefits of chatbots led to their wide adoption by many industries in order to…
This paper studies interpretable and fair artificial intelligence architectures for understanding English reading. Introduced transformer-based models, integrating advanced attention mechanisms and gradient-based feature attribution. The…
Medical image classification is crucial for diagnosis and treatment, benefiting significantly from advancements in artificial intelligence. The paper reviews recent progress in the field, focusing on three levels of solutions: basic,…
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a broad field that is upturning mental health care in many ways, from addressing anxiety, depression, and stress to increasing access, personalization of treatment, and real-time monitoring that enhances…
International agreements about AI development may be required to reduce catastrophic risks from advanced AI systems. However, agreements about such a high-stakes technology must be backed by verification mechanisms--processes or tools that…
With the emergence of advanced reasoning models like OpenAI o3 and DeepSeek-R1, large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable reasoning capabilities. However, their ability to perform rigorous logical reasoning remains an open…
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is rapidly changing many areas of society. While this transformation has tremendous potential, there are several challenges as well. Using the history of computing and the world-wide web as a guide, in this…
Large language models (LLMs) regularly demonstrate new and impressive performance on a wide range of language, knowledge, and reasoning benchmarks. Such rapid progress has led many commentators to argue that LLM general cognitive…
Machine learning and deep learning techniques are contributing much to the advancement of science. Their powerful predictive capabilities appear in numerous disciplines, including chaotic dynamics, but they miss understanding. The main…
We are used to the availability of big data generated in nearly all fields of science as a consequence of technological progress. However, the analysis of such data possess vast challenges. One of these relates to the explainability of…
As the manufacturing industry advances with sensor integration and automation, the opaque nature of deep learning models in machine learning poses a significant challenge for fault detection and diagnosis. And despite the related predictive…
The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in educational measurement has revolutionized assessment methods, enabling automated scoring, rapid content analysis, and personalized feedback through machine learning and natural language…
Benchmarks are a cornerstone of modern machine learning, enabling reproducibility, comparison, and scientific progress. However, AI benchmarks are increasingly complex, requiring dynamic, AI-focused workflows. Rapid evolution in model…
In this paper we outline a proposal for improving the governance of artificial intelligence (AI) by investing in government capacity to systematically measure and monitor the capabilities and impacts of AI systems. If adopted, this would…
Foundation models, exemplified by GPT technology, are discovering new horizons in artificial intelligence by executing tasks beyond their designers' expectations. While the present generation provides fundamental advances in understanding…
The field of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and, in particular, the Machine Learning area, counts on a wide range of performance metrics and benchmark data sets to assess the problem-solving effectiveness of its solutions. However, the…
The performance of AI models on safety benchmarks does not indicate their real-world performance after deployment. This opaqueness of AI models impedes existing regulatory frameworks constituted on benchmark performance, leaving them…