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In a strong game played on the edge set of a graph G there are two players, Red and Blue, alternating turns in claiming previously unclaimed edges of G (with Red playing first). The winner is the first one to claim all the edges of some…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2015-07-19 Asaf Ferber , Pascal Pfister

Concurrent parameterized games involve a fixed yet arbitrary number of players. They are described by finite arenas in which the edges are labeled with languages that describe the possible move combinations leading from one vertex to…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-05-22 Nathalie Bertrand , Patricia Bouyer , Gaëtan Staquet

In this paper, we analyze the mis\`ere versions of two impartial combinatorial games: k-Bounded Greedy Nim and Greedy Nim. We present a complete solution to both games by showing necessary and sufficient conditions for a position to be…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-06-06 Nanako Omiya , Ryo Yoshinaka , Ayumi Shinohara

A pendant vertex is one of degree one and an isolated vertex has degree zero. A neighborhood star-free (NSF for short) graph is one in which every vertex is contained in a triangle except pendant vertices and isolated vertices. This class…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2024-04-09 Vinicius L. do Forte , Min Chih Lin , Abilio Lucena , Nelson Maculan , Veronica A. Moyano , Jayme L. Szwarcfiter

We define a new escape game in graphs that we call Nemesis. The game is played on a graph having a subset of vertices labeled as exits and the goal of one of the two players, called the fugitive, is to reach one of these exit vertices. The…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Pierre Bergé , Antoine Dailly , Yan Gerard

We consider the computational complexity of Hearthstone which is a popular online CCG (collectible card game). We reduce a PSPACE-complete problem, the partition game, to perfect information Hearthstone in which there is no hidden…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2023-05-23 Zhujun Zhang

Mining for trees in a graph is shown to be NP-complete.

Databases · Computer Science 2007-10-01 Jan Van den Bussche

We prove that path puzzles with complete row and column information--or equivalently, 2D orthogonal discrete tomography with Hamiltonicity constraint--are strongly NP-complete, ASP-complete, and #P-complete. Along the way, we newly…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2019-02-12 Jeffrey Bosboom , Erik D. Demaine , Martin L. Demaine , Adam Hesterberg , Roderick Kimball , Justin Kopinsky

In this paper we will be introducing a type of game which as far as this author is aware has never been studied before. These are games where there are two players, one who is trying to get one of his pieces, called a King to a predefined…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2012-09-07 Fraser Stewart

In repeated games, players choose actions concurrently at each step. We consider a parameterized setting of repeated games in which the players form a population of an arbitrary size. Their utility functions encode a reachability objective.…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-10-06 Nathalie Bertrand , Patricia Bouyer , Luc Lapointe , Corto Mascle

We study the complexity of solving two-player infinite duration games played on a fixed finite graph, where the control of a node is not predetermined but rather assigned randomly. In classic random-turn games, control of each node is…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Sarvin Bahmani , Rasmus Ibsen-Jensen , Soumyajit Paul , Sven Schewe , Friedrich Slivovsky , Qiyi Tang , Dominik Wojtczak , Shufang Zhu

This paper is based on Bylander's results on the computational complexity of propositional STRIPS planning. He showed that when only ground literals are permitted, determining plan existence is PSPACE-complete even if operators are limited…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Stefan Edelkamp , Jiří Fink , Petr Gregor , Anders Jonsson , Bernhard Nebel

We prove that it is NP-complete to decide whether a given string can be factored into palindromes that are each unique in the factorization.

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2020-12-15 Hideo Bannai , Travis Gagie , Shunsuke Inenaga , Juha Karkkainen , Dominik Kempa , Marcin Piatkowski , Simon J. Puglisi , Shiho Sugimoto

We establish that the subgame perfect equilibrium (SPE) threshold problem for mean-payoff games is NP-complete. While the SPE threshold problem was recently shown to be decidable (in doubly exponential time) and NP-hard, its exact worst…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2022-04-26 Léonard Brice , Jean-François Raskin , Marie van den Bogaard

Without further ado, we present the P_3-game. The P_3-game is decidable for elementary classes of graphs such as paths and cycles. From an algorithmic point of view, the connected P_3-game is fascinating. We show that the connected P_3-game…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2016-08-19 Wing-Kai Hon , Ton Kloks , Fu-Hong Liu , Hsiang-Hsuan Liu , Tao-Ming Wang

Since its introduction as a Maker-Breaker positional game by Duch\^ene et al. in 2020, the Maker-Breaker domination game has become one of the most studied positional games on vertices. In this game, two players, Dominator and Staller,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-01-14 Guillaume Bagan , Mathieu Hilaire , Nacim Oijid , Aline Parreau

We consider a generalization of the classical game of $NIM$ called hypergraph $NIM$. Given a hypergraph $\cH$ on the ground set $V = \{1, \ldots, n\}$ of $n$ piles of stones, two players alternate in choosing a hyperedge $H \in \cH$ and…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-04-06 Endre Boros , Vladimir Gurvich , Nhan Bao Ho , Kazuhisa Makino , Peter Mursic

We show that P2T - the problem of deciding whether the edge set of a simple graph can be partitioned into two trees or not - is NP-complete.

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2010-02-23 Domotor Palvolgyi

The classical Maker-Breaker positional game is played on a board which is a hypergraph $\mathcal{H}$, with two players, Maker and Breaker, alternately claiming vertices of $\mathcal{H}$ until all the vertices are claimed. When the game…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2026-01-15 Guillaume Bagan , Quentin Deschamps , Florian Galliot , Mirjana Mikalački , Nacim Oijid

We show that the maximum success probability of players sharing quantum entanglement in a two-player game with classical questions of logarithmic length and classical answers of constant length is NP-hard to approximate to within constant…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-11-24 Anand Natarajan , Thomas Vidick
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