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Many Machine Learning algorithms, such as deep neural networks, have long been criticized for being "black-boxes"-a kind of models unable to provide how it arrive at a decision without further efforts to interpret. This problem has raised…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-07-04 Yihuang Kang , I-Ling Cheng , Wenjui Mao , Bowen Kuo , Pei-Ju Lee

Large language models (LLMs) enable researchers to analyze text at unprecedented scale and minimal cost. Researchers can now revisit old questions and tackle novel ones with rich data. We provide an econometric framework for realizing this…

Econometrics · Economics 2025-12-08 Jens Ludwig , Sendhil Mullainathan , Ashesh Rambachan

Using tools from topology and functional analysis, we provide a framework where artificial neural networks, and their architectures, can be formally described. We define the notion of machine in a general topological context and show how…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-30 Pietro Vertechi , Mattia G. Bergomi

Large Language Models (LLMs) have recently developed new advanced functionalities. Their effectiveness relies on statistical learning and generalization capabilities. However, they face limitations in internalizing the data they process and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Farah Ben Slama , Frédéric Armetta

The tracking method based on the extreme learning machine (ELM) is efficient and effective. ELM randomly generates input weights and biases in the hidden layer, and then calculates and computes the output weights by reducing the iterative…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-07-27 Jing Zhang , Huibing Wang , Yonggong Ren

Deep learning approaches such as convolutional neural nets have consistently outperformed previous methods on challenging tasks such as dense, semantic segmentation. However, the various proposed networks perform differently, with behaviour…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-11-07 Konstantinos Kamnitsas , Wenjia Bai , Enzo Ferrante , Steven McDonagh , Matthew Sinclair , Nick Pawlowski , Martin Rajchl , Matthew Lee , Bernhard Kainz , Daniel Rueckert , Ben Glocker

Training deep neural networks results in strong learned representations that show good generalization capabilities. In most cases, training involves iterative modification of all weights inside the network via back-propagation. In Extreme…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-02-06 Amir Rosenfeld , John K. Tsotsos

In comparison to classical shallow representation learning techniques, deep neural networks have achieved superior performance in nearly every application benchmark. But despite their clear empirical advantages, it is still not well…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-11 Calvin Murdock , George Cazenavette , Simon Lucey

We propose a quantum algorithm for `extremal learning', which is the process of finding the input to a hidden function that extremizes the function output, without having direct access to the hidden function, given only partial input-output…

This paper presents a transformative framework for artificial neural networks over graded vector spaces, tailored to model hierarchical and structured data in fields like algebraic geometry and physics. By exploiting the algebraic…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-07 Tony Shaska

Deep learning architectures such as convolutional neural networks are the standard in computer vision for image processing tasks. Their accuracy however often comes at the cost of long and computationally expensive training, the need for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-10-31 Mattia Pugliatti , Francesco Topputo

Deep learning utilizing deep neural networks (DNNs) has achieved a lot of success recently in many important areas such as computer vision, natural language processing, and recommendation systems. The lack of convexity for DNNs has been…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-14 Jingcheng Zhou , Wei Wei , Xing Li , Bowen Pang , Zhiming Zheng

This work concerns receiver design for light emitting diode (LED) communications where the LED nonlinearity can severely degrade the performance of communications. We propose extreme learning machine (ELM) based non-iterative receivers and…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-12-30 Dawei Gao , Qinghua Guo , Jun Tong , Nan Wu , Jiangtao Xi , Yanguang Yu

We develop an interpolation-based modeling framework for parameter-dependent partial differential equations arising in control, inverse problems, and uncertainty quantification. The solution is discretized in the physical domain using…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-04-20 Erik Burman , Mats G. Larson , Karl Larsson , Jonatan Vallin

Large language models (LLMs) were invented for natural language tasks such as translation, but they have proved that they can perform highly complex functions across domains. Additionally, they have been thought to develop new skills…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Jung H. Lee , Sujith Vijayan

In this paper, we demonstrate a computationally efficient new approach based on deep learning (DL) techniques for analysis, design, and optimization of electromagnetic (EM) nanostructures. We use the strong correlation among features of a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-13 Yashar Kiarashinejad , Sajjad Abdollahramezani , Ali Adibi

We propose a novel framework that leverages large language models (LLMs) to guide the rank selection in tensor network models for higher-order data analysis. By utilising the intrinsic reasoning capabilities and domain knowledge of LLMs,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Giorgos Iacovides , Wuyang Zhou , Danilo Mandic

We study the use of hypermodels to represent epistemic uncertainty and guide exploration. This generalizes and extends the use of ensembles to approximate Thompson sampling. The computational cost of training an ensemble grows with its…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-16 Vikranth Dwaracherla , Xiuyuan Lu , Morteza Ibrahimi , Ian Osband , Zheng Wen , Benjamin Van Roy

Deep neural networks (DNNs) have been quite successful in solving many complex learning problems. However, DNNs tend to have a large number of learning parameters, leading to a large memory and computation requirement. In this paper, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-05-21 Sangkyun Lee , Jeonghyun Lee

Many scientific computing problems can be reduced to Matrix-Matrix Multiplications (MMM), making the General Matrix Multiply (GEMM) kernels in the Basic Linear Algebra Subroutine (BLAS) of interest to the high-performance computing…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-05-31 Louis Ledoux , Marc Casas