Related papers: Complete Proof of the Collatz Conjecture
This article is based upon previous work by Sousa Ramos and his collaborators. They first prove that the existence of only one orbit associated with the Collatz conjecture is equivalent to the determinant of each matrix of a certain…
This paper explores special conditions on the starting value of a Collatz sequence which imply that the Collatz conjecture is true. This is the result of the collaboration of a retired mathematics professor (Koelzer) and a retired physics…
It is conjectured that for any fixed relatively prime positive integers $a,b$ and $c$ all greater than 1 there is at most one solution to the equation $a^x+b^y=c^z$ in positive integers $x,y$ and $z$, except for specific cases. We develop…
By creating a new method, the author proved the well-known world's baffling problems Goldbach conjecture, twin primes conjecture, the Proposition (C) and the Proposition $n^2+1$.
The 1-3-5 conjecture of Z.-W. Sun states that any $n\in\mathbb N=\{0,1,2,\ldots\}$ can be written as $x^2+y^2+z^2+w^2$ with $w,x,y,z\in\mathbb N$ such that $x+3y+5z$ is a square. In this paper, via the theory of ternary quadratic forms and…
Let $a,b,c$ be relatively prime positive integers such that $a^{2}+b^{2}=c^{2}.$ In 1956, Je\'{s}manowicz conjectured that for any positive integer $n$, the only solution of $(an)^{x}+(bn)^{y}=(cn)^{z}$ in positive integers is…
The aim of this paper is to show a peculiar behavior of a (hypothetical) Collatz sequence going to infinity. We study the associated Syracusa sequence (the odd elements of the former) and show that the limit set of a conveniently normalized…
Linear-constraint loops are programs whose transition relation is specified by a system of linear inequalities. The termination problem asks, given a loop, whether it admits an infinite computation. Decidability of termination remains open…
In this paper we are shown the following facts: The probability of increased $ A_{k}=P(T^{k} (x_{0})>T^{k-1} (x_{0})) $, and the probability of decrease $B_{k}=P(T^{k} (x_{0})<T^{k-1} (x_{0}))$ in step $ k $ of a Collataz procedure…
We present a comprehensive structural analysis of the Collatz conjecture through ~1014 computational experiments yielding 630 formal results. By systematically deploying 29 distinct mathematical paradigms--including transfer operator…
Two conjectures are presented. The first, Conjecture 1, is that the pushforward of a geometric distribution on the integers under $n$ Collatz iterates, modulo $2^p$, is usefully close to uniform distribution on the integers modulo $2^p$, if…
Let $\mathcal{A}$ denote the class of analytic functions in the unit disk $\mathbb{D}$ of the form $f(z)= z+\sum_{n=2}^{\infty}a_n z^n$ and $\mathcal{S}$ denote the class of functions $f\in\mathcal{A}$ which are univalent ({\it i.e.},…
In this paper we show the probabilistic convergence of the original Collatz (3n + 1) (or Hotpo) sequence to unity. A generalized form of the Collatz sequence (GCS) is proposed subsequently. Unlike Hotpo, an instance of a GCS can converge to…
The Collatz Conjecture's connection to dynamical systems opens it to a variety of techniques aimed at recurrence and density results. First, we turn to density results and strengthen the result of Terras through finding a strict rate of…
In 1995, Meinardus & Berg presented a reformulation of the Collatz Conjecture in terms of a functional equation in a single complex variable over the open unit disk. This paper generalizes that method to deal with not only a large class of…
The Collatz problem is related to the fixed point problem, and is widely used in mathematics. It has attracted a wide range of math enthusiasts, but is still difficult to solve. So, this article aimed to study the extension of the Collatz…
Mathematicians has been trying to prove the weak Goldbach's conjecture by adding prime numbers, as stated in the conjecture. However, we believe that the solution does not need to be analytically solved. Instead of trying to add prime…
Let ${\mathcal U}(\lambda)$ denote the family of analytic functions $f(z)$, $f(0)=0=f'(0)-1$, in the unit disk $\ID$, which satisfy the condition $\big |\big (z/f(z)\big )^{2}f'(z)-1\big |<\lambda $ for some $0<\lambda \leq 1$. The…
The famous strongly binary Goldbach's conjecture asserts that every even number $2n \geq 8$ can always be expressible as the sum of two distinct odd prime numbers. We use a new approach to dealing with this conjecture. Specifically, we…
Goldbach`s Conjecture, "every even number greater than 2 can be expressed as the sum of two primes" is renamed Goldbach`s Rule for it can not be otherwise. The conjecture is proven by showing that the existence of prime pairs adding to any…