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Related papers: Complete Proof of the Collatz Conjecture

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This paper studies certain trajectories of the Collatz function. I show that if for each odd number $n$, $n\sim 3n+2$ then every positive integer $n \in \mathbb{N}\setminus 2^{\mathbb{N}}$ has the representation…

History and Overview · Mathematics 2020-05-19 Roy Burson

Collatz conjecture is generalized to $3n+3^k$ ($k\in N$). Operating as usual, every sequence seems to reach $3^k$ and end up in the loop $3^k, 4.3^k, 2.3^k,3^k$. The usual $3n+1$ conjecture is recovered for $k=0$. For $k>0$, we noticed the…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2022-12-02 Naouel Boulkaboul

Taking a new approach towards analyzing the Collatz Problem, or, 3x+1 conjecture. Introducing some new functions, the Collatz-2 and Collatz-3 sequences, as well as deducing results related to Collatz-2 and Collatz-3 sequences.

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2008-04-24 Roupam Ghosh

The Collatz conjecture is one of the easiest mathematical problems to state and yet it remains unsolved. For each $n\ge 2$ the Collatz iteration is mapped to a binary sequence and a corresponding unique integer which can recreate the…

History and Overview · Mathematics 2019-01-04 George M. Georgiou

In this paper, we will introduce an extension to the Collatz's conjecture. This conjecture may be seen as a general conjecture that unifies the Collatz one together with many other similar conjectures. For instance, we propose our new…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2026-01-13 Abderrahman Bouhamidi

In this paper, we show that any proof of the Collatz 3n+1 Conjecture must have an infinite number of lines; therefore, no formal proof is possible.

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2012-08-13 Craig Alan Feinstein

The Collatz conjecture, which posits that any positive integer will eventually reach 1 through a specific iterative process, is a classic unsolved problem in mathematics. This research focuses on designing an efficient algorithm to compute…

Mathematical Software · Computer Science 2025-07-02 Eyob Solomon Getachew , Beakal Gizachew Assefa

In a previous article, we reduced the unsolved problem of the convergence of Collatz sequences, to convergence of Collatz sequences of odd numbers, that are divisible by 3. In this article, we further reduce this set to odd numbers that are…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-01-07 Maya Mohsin Ahmed

We introduce an infinite set of integer mappings that generalize the well-known Collatz-Ulam mapping and we conjecture that an infinite subset of these mappings feature the remarkable property of the Collatz conjecture, namely that they…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2008-10-30 M. Bruschi

In this article, we reduce the unsolved problem of convergence of Collatz sequences to convergence of Collatz sequences of odd numbers that are divisible by 3. We give an elementary proof of the fact that a Collatz sequence does not…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2015-10-06 Maya Mohsin Ahmed

We give a generalization of Collatz conjecture or 3n+1 problem on 2-adic completion of Q. A isometric of $Q_2$ provides information on the average behavior of the firsts terms of the sequence according to the class of $u_0$ modulo $2^m$. A…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2016-07-11 Vincent Fleckinger , Ibrahim Abdoulkarim

In this work, we introduce another extension U of the 3n+1 function to the real line. We propose a conjecture about the U-trajectories that generalizes the famous 3n+1 (or Collatz) conjecture. We then prove our main result about the…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Pavlos B. Konstadinidis

We introduce a full binary directed tree structure to represent the set of natural numbers, further categorizing them into three distinct subsets: pure odd numbers, pure even numbers, and mixed numbers. We adopt a binary string…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2024-06-12 Jishe Feng

The Collatz conjecture implies that an iterated function sequence under a certain linear operator, beginning with a certain complex valued function, must converge to a certain complex function.

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2025-08-19 Kerry M. Soileau

In this paper, we discuss the well known 3x+1 conjecture in form of the accelerated Collatz function T defined on the positive odd integers. We present a sequence of quotient spaces and an invertible map that are intrinsically related to…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2016-07-26 Peter Hellekalek

As Collatz conjecture is still to be proved, a method to arrive at the complete proof is explored here. Conceptually, the process relies on the pre-proven sequence data and the method follows the confirmation of the convergence of the…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2021-03-05 Ramachandra Bhat

Proposed in 1937, the Collatz conjecture has remained in the spotlight for mathematicians and computer scientists alike due to its simple proposal, yet intractable proof. In this paper, we propose several novel theorems, corollaries, and…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2021-06-16 Michael R. Schwob , Peter Shiue , Rama Venkat

In this research, an optimal algorithm for the Collatz conjecture is presented. Properties such as the convergence of the algorithm and an equation that relates the algorithm to the classical Collatz conjecture are obtained. It is validated…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2024-07-23 Juan Carlos Riano-Rojas

In this article we present set of infinite natural numbers which satisfies the conjecture $3n+1$.

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2016-08-05 G. H. S. Costa , A. C. Souza Filho

The Collatz conjecture (also known as the $3x+1$ problem) concerns the behavior of the discrete dynamical system on the positive integers defined by iteration of the so-called $3x + 1$ function. We investigate analogous dynamical systems in…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2016-10-11 Daniel Nichols