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Nonlinear kinetic theory of cosmic ray (CR) acceleration in supernova remnants is employed to calculate CR spectra. The magnetic field in SNRs is assumed to be significantly amplified by the efficiently accelerating nuclear CR component. It…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 E. G. Berezhko , H. J. Voelk

Supernova explosions in the early star forming galaxies will accelerate cosmic rays (CRs). CRs are typically confined in the collapsed objects for a short period before escaping into the intergalactic medium (IGM). Galactic outflows can…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 Saumyadip Samui , Kandaswamy Subramanian , Raghunathan Srianand

The luminosity of [C II] is used to probe the star formation rate in galaxies, but the correlation breaks down in some active galactic nuclei (AGNs). Models of the [C II] emission from galactic nuclei do not include the influence of X-rays…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2015-07-22 William D. Langer , Jorge L. Pineda

A new analysis of cosmic ray (CR) data collected by the SOKOL experiment in space found that the deuteron-to-helium ratio at energies between 500 and 2000 GeV/nucleon takes the value d/He ~ 1.5. As we will show, this result cannot be…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2018-07-31 Nicola Tomassetti , Jie Feng

A novel collisionless shock jump condition is suggested by modeling the entropy production at the shock transition region. We also calculate downstream developments of the atomic ionization balance and the ion temperature relaxation in…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2022-07-27 Jiro Shimoda , Yutaka Ohira , Aya Bamba , Yukikatsu Terada , Ryo Yamazaki , Tsuyoshi Inoue , Shuta J. Tanaka

Electron fraction and cosmic-ray ionization rates (CRIR) in star-forming regions are important quantities in astrochemical modeling and are critical to the degree of coupling between neutrals, ions, and electrons, which regulates the…

We study non-thermal emissions from cool cores in galaxy clusters. We adopted a recent model, in which cosmic-rays (CRs) prevail in the cores and stably heat them through CR streaming. The non-thermal emissions come from the interaction…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-06-03 Yutaka Fujita , Yutaka Ohira

Observations of diffuse, non-thermal radio emission spanning several megaparsecs have been documented in over 100 galaxy clusters. This emission, classified as giant radio halos (GHs), mini halos, and radio relics based mainly on their…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2024-04-23 Doron Kushnir , Uri Keshet , Eli Waxman

We calculate the flux of radio, hard X-ray and UV radiation from clusters of galaxies as produced by synchrotron emission and Inverse Compton Scattering of electrons generated as secondaries in cosmic ray interactions in the intracluster…

Astrophysics · Physics 2011-08-09 P. Blasi , S. Colafrancesco

Cosmic ray (CR) electrons are key tracers of non-thermal processes in galaxies, yet their spectra are often modelled under the untested assumption of steady state between injection and cooling. In this work, we present a time-dependent…

We study the production of cosmic rays (CRs) in supernova remnants (SNRs), including the reacceleration of background galactic cosmic rays (GCRs) - thus refining the early considerations by Blandford & Ostriker (1980) and Wandel et al.…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 E. G. Berezhko , L. T. Ksenofontov , V. S. Ptuskin , V. N. Zirakashvili , H. J. Voelk

Context: Cosmic rays drive several key processes for the chemistry and dynamical evolution of star-forming regions. Their effect is quantified mainly by means of the cosmic-ray ionisation rate $\zeta_2$. Aims: We aim to obtain a sample of…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-10-22 E. Redaelli , S. Bovino , G. Sabatini , D. Arzoumanian , M. Padovani , P. Caselli , F. Wyrowski , J. E. Pineda , G. Latrille

We calculate the energy spectra of cosmic rays (CR) and their secondaries produced in a supernova remnant (SNR), taking into account the time-dependence of the SNR shock. We model the trajectories of charged particles as a random walk with…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2011-01-27 M. Kachelriess , S. Ostapchenko , R. Tomas

Cosmic rays (CRs) are ubiquitous in the interstellar medium (ISM) of nearby galaxies, but many of their properties are not well-constrained. Gamma-ray observations provide a powerful tool in this respect, allowing us to constrain both the…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-07-19 Maria Werhahn , Philipp Girichidis , Christoph Pfrommer , Joseph Whittingham

Determining the spatial distribution of Galactic cosmic rays (CRs) is fundamental to understand how these particles propagate in interstellar space and to infer their source spectra. The most sensitive method of studying this problem is…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-09-26 Paolo Lipari , Silvia Vernetto

Spectrum and chemical composition of cosmic rays accelerated in supernova remnants are studied on a basis of kinetic approach. The cosmic ray transport equation with the Bohm diffusion coefficient has been numerically solved…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-02-03 E. G. Berezhko , G. F. Krymsky , V. K. Yelshin , L. T. Ksenofontov

Cosmic-ray energy densities in central regions of starburst galaxies, as inferred from radio and gamma-ray measurements of, respectively, non-thermal synchrotron and neutral pion decay emission, are typically U_p = O(100)eV/cm3, i.e.…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2014-11-20 Massimo Persic , Yoel Rephaeli

High-energy gamma rays of interstellar origin are produced by the interaction of cosmic-ray (CR) particles with the diffuse gas and radiation fields in the Galaxy. The main features of this emission are well understood and are reproduced by…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2017-09-06 Troy A. Porter , Gudlaugur Johannesson , Igor V. Moskalenko

We derive expressions for the time integrated spectrum of Cosmic Rays (CRs) that are accelerated in a decelerating relativistic shock wave and escape ahead of the shock. It is assumed that at any given time the CRs have a power law form,…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2011-01-27 Boaz Katz , Peter Meszaros , Eli Waxman

We show that the spectral and radial distribution of the nonthermal emission of massive, M>10^{14.5}M_sun, galaxy clusters (GCs) may be approximately described by simple analytic expressions, which depend on the GC thermal X-ray properties…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2010-02-22 Doron Kushnir , Eli Waxman