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We establish a security proof of frequency-time coding quantum key distribution (FT-QKD) protocol by showing its connection to the squeezed state quantum key distribution protocol, which has been proven to be unconditionally secure. We also…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-03-18 Bing Qi

Numerical security proofs offer a versatile approach for evaluating the secret-key generation rate of quantum key distribution (QKD) protocols. However, existing methods typically require perfect source characterization, which is…

Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) allows unconditionally secure communication based on the laws of quantum mechanics rather then assumptions about computational hardness. Optimizing the operation parameters of a given QKD implementation is…

Compared with two-level quantum key distribution (QKD), highdimensional QKD enable two distant parties to share a secret key at a higher rate. We provide a finite-key security analysis for the recently proposed practical highdimensional…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-06-08 Haize Bao , Wansu Bao , Yang Wang , Chun Zhou , Ruike Chen

Twin-field quantum key distribution (TF-QKD) and its variant protocols are highly attractive due to the advantage of overcoming the rate-loss limit for secret key rates of point-to-point QKD protocols. For variations of TF-QKD, the key…

Quantum key distribution (QKD) exploits the quantum nature of light to share provably secure keys, allowing secure communication in the presence of an eavesdropper. The first QKD schemes used photons encoded in two states, such as…

Continuous variable quantum key distribution with discrete modulation has the potential to provide information-theoretic security using widely available optical elements and existing telecom infrastructure. While their implementation is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-07-25 Stefan Bäuml , Carlos Pascual-García , Victoria Wright , Omar Fawzi , Antonio Acín

The passive approach to quantum key distribution (QKD) consists of eliminating all optical modulators and random number generators from QKD systems, in so reaching an enhanced simplicity, immunity to modulator side channels, and potentially…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-01 Víctor Zapatero , Marcos Curty

A crucial goal for quantum key distribution (QKD) is to transmit unconditionally secure keys over long distances. Previous studies show that the key rate of point-to-point QKD is limited by a secret key rate capacity bound, and higher key…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-11-30 Yingqiu Mao , Pei Zeng , Teng-Yun Chen

Practical implementations of Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) extending beyond urban areas commonly use satellite links. However, the transmission of quantum states through the Earth's atmosphere is highly susceptible to noise, restricting…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-20 Florian Kanitschar , Marcus Huber

Quantum key distribution (QKD) allows two remote users to establish a secret key in the presence of an eavesdropper. The users share quantum states prepared in two mutually-unbiased bases: one to generate the key while the other monitors…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-05-03 Nurul T. Islam , Charles Ci Wen Lim , Clinton Cahall , Jungsang Kim , Daniel J. Gauthier

Establishing secure data communication necessitates secure key exchange over a public channel. Quantum key distribution (QKD), which leverages the principles of quantum physics, can achieve this with information-theoretic security. The…

In theory, quantum key distribution (QKD) provides unconditional security; however, its practical implementations are susceptible to exploitable vulnerabilities. This investigation tackles the constraints in practical QKD implementations…

In recent years, discrete-modulated continuous-variable quantum key distribution (DM-CV-QKD) has gained traction due to its practical advantages: cost-effectiveness, simple state preparation, and compatibility with existing communication…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-10-22 Ignatius William Primaatmaja , Wen Yu Kon , Charles Lim

Quantum key distribution (QKD) provides information-theoretic security guaranteed by the laws of quantum mechanics, making it resistant to future computational threats, including quantum computers. While QKD technology shows great promise,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-14 Si Qi Ng , Florian Kanitschar , Gong Zhang , Chao Wang

Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) stands as a revolutionary approach to secure communication, using the principles of quantum mechanics to establish unbreakable channels. Unlike traditional cryptography, which relies on the computational…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-09 Alec L. Riso , Karthik Thyagarajan , Connor Whiting , Katherine Jimenez

Quantum key distribution (QKD) is the fastest-growing and relatively mature technology in the field of quantum information, enabling information-theoretically secure key distribution between two remote users. Although QKD based on…

Device-independent quantum key distribution (DIQKD) provides the strongest form of secure key exchange, using only the input-output statistics of the devices to achieve information-theoretic security. Although the basic security principles…

For secure practical systems, quantum key distribution (QKD) must provide high key rates over long distances. Time-entanglement-based QKD promises to increase the secret key rate and distribution distances compared to other QKD…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-03-06 Lara Dolecek , Emina Soljanin

Quantum key distribution (QKD) offers a way for establishing information-theoretically secure communications. An important part of QKD technology is a high-quality random number generator (RNG) for quantum states preparation and for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-01-24 A. S. Trushechkin , P. A. Tregubov , E. O. Kiktenko , Y. V. Kurochkin , A. K. Fedorov