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We provide a gentle introduction, aimed at non-experts, to Borel combinatorics that studies definable graphs on topological spaces. This is an emerging field on the borderline between combinatorics and descriptive set theory with deep…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-01-19 Oleg Pikhurko

We show that there is a Borel graph on a standard Borel space of Borel chromatic number three that admits a Borel homomorphism to every analytic graph on a standard Borel space of Borel chromatic number at least three. Moreover, we…

In this paper we consider coloring problems on graphs and other combinatorial structures on standard Borel spaces. Our goal is to obtain sufficient conditions under which such colorings can be made well-behaved in the sense of topology or…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-07-19 Anton Bernshteyn

We study Borel polychromatic colorings of grid graphs arising from free Borel actions of $\mathbb{Z}^d$. A polychromatic coloring is one in which every unit $d$-dimensional cube sees all available colors. In the classical setting, every…

Logic · Mathematics 2025-08-27 Katalin Berlow , Edward Hou

We study the relationship between hyperfiniteness and problems in Borel graph combinatorics by adapting game-theoretic techniques introduced by Marks to the hyperfinite setting. We compute the possible Borel chromatic numbers and edge…

We consider well-quasi-order for classes of permutation graphs which omit both a path and a clique. Our principle result is that the class of permutation graphs omitting $P_5$ and a clique of any size is well-quasi-ordered. This is proved…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-04-28 Aistis Atminas , Robert Brignall , Nicholas Korpelainen , Vadim Lozin , Vincent Vatter

In this paper we consider the question of well quasi-order for classes defined by a single obstruction within the classes of all graphs, digraphs and tournaments, under the homomorphic image ordering (in both its standard and strong forms).…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-03-17 N. Ruskuc , Sophie Huczynska

We construct pairs of marked groups with isomorphic Cayley graphs but different Borel chromatic numbers for the free parts of their shift graphs. This answers a question of Kechris and Marks. We also show that these graphs have different…

Logic · Mathematics 2019-06-03 Felix Weilacher

A b-coloring is a coloring of the vertices of a graph such that each color class contains a vertex that has a neighbor in all other color classes, and the b-chromatic number of a graph $G$ is the largest integer $k$ such that $G$ admits a…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2012-12-13 Chinh T. Hoàng , Frédéric Maffray , Meriem Mechebbek

A well-quasi-order is an order which contains no infinite decreasing sequence and no infinite collection of incomparable elements. In this paper, we consider graph classes defined by excluding one graph as contraction. More precisely, we…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-12-20 Marcin Kamiński , Jean-Florent Raymond , Théophile Trunck

Hajnal and Szemer\'{e}di proved that if $G$ is a finite graph with maximum degree $\Delta$, then for every integer $k \geqslant \Delta+1$, $G$ has a proper coloring with $k$ colors in which every two color classes differ in size at most by…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-10-04 Anton Bernshteyn , Clinton T. Conley

We present a hereditary class of graphs of unbounded clique-width which is well-quasi-ordered by the induced subgraph relation. This result provides a negative answer to the question asked by Daligault, Rao and Thomass\'e in…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2015-03-03 Vadim Lozin , Igor Razgon , Viktor Zamaraev

We construct bounded degree acyclic Borel graphs with large Borel chromatic number using a graph arising from Ramsey theory and limits of expander sequences.

Logic · Mathematics 2022-05-05 Jan Grebík , Zoltán Vidnyánszky

We show that every Borel graph $G$ of subexponential growth has a Borel proper edge-coloring with $\Delta(G) + 1$ colors. We deduce this from a stronger result, namely that an $n$-vertex (finite) graph $G$ of subexponential growth can be…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-08-22 Anton Bernshteyn , Abhishek Dhawan

In the aftermath of the Robertson--Seymour Graph Minor Theorem, Thomas conjectured that the countable graphs are well-quasi-ordered under the minor relation. We prove that this conjecture, when restricted to graphs with no infinite paths…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-10-23 Agelos Georgakopoulos

Colouring problems arising from group-based constructions provide a natural link between combinatorics and algebra, particularly in the study of Cayley graphs and Latin squares. We introduce the notion of colouring bijections of finite…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-03-25 Piotr Grzeszczuk

We introduce a new type of examples of bounded degree acyclic Borel graphs and study their combinatorial properties in the context of descriptive combinatorics, using a generalization of the determinacy method of Marks. The motivation for…

We revisit a well-known family of polynomial ideals encoding the problem of graph-$k$-colorability. Our paper describes how the inherent combinatorial structure of the ideals implies several interesting algebraic properties. Specifically,…

Symbolic Computation · Computer Science 2014-10-28 Jesús A. De Loera , Susan Margulies , Michael Pernpeintner , Eric Riedl , David Rolnick , Gwen Spencer , Despina Stasi , Jon Swenson

Cographs are exactly hereditarily well-colored graphs, i.e., the graphs for which a greedy coloring of every induced subgraph uses only the minimally necessary number of colors $\chi(G)$. In recent work on reciprocal best match graphs…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-06-25 D. I. Valdivia , M. Geiß , M. Hellmuth , M. Hernandez Rosales , P. F. Stadler

The Burling sequence is a sequence of triangle-free graphs of unbounded chromatic number. The class of Burling graphs consists of all the induced subgraphs of the graphs of this sequence. In the first and second parts of this work, we…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-10-23 Pegah Pournajafi , Nicolas Trotignon