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Deep convolutional neural network (CNN) inference requires significant amount of memory and computation, which limits its deployment on embedded devices. To alleviate these problems to some extent, prior research utilize low precision…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-03-10 Liangzhen Lai , Naveen Suda , Vikas Chandra

We are trying to implement deep neural networks in the edge computing environment for real-world applications such as the IoT(Internet of Things), the FinTech etc., for the purpose of utilizing the significant achievement of Deep Learning…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-05-24 Hideo Terada , Hayaru Shouno

In recommendation systems, practitioners observed that increase in the number of embedding tables and their sizes often leads to significant improvement in model performances. Given this and the business importance of these models to major…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-26 Jie Amy Yang , Jianyu Huang , Jongsoo Park , Ping Tak Peter Tang , Andrew Tulloch

Conventional kernel-based machine learning models for ab initio potential energy surfaces, while accurate and convenient in small data regimes, suffer immense computational cost as training set sizes increase. We introduce QML-Lightning, a…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2022-12-21 Nicholas J. Browning , Felix A. Faber , O. Anatole von Lilienfeld

In the complex domain of large language models (LLMs), striking a balance between computational efficiency and maintaining model quality is a formidable challenge. Navigating the inherent limitations of uniform quantization, particularly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-24 Xiaoxia Wu , Zhewei Yao , Yuxiong He

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable performance across a wide range of language processing tasks. However, this success comes at the cost of substantial computation and memory requirements, which significantly impedes…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Fen-Yu Hsieh , Yun-Chang Teng , Ding-Yong Hong , Jan-Jan Wu

Large language models~(LLMs) are known for their high demand on computing resources and memory due to their substantial model size, which leads to inefficient inference on moderate GPU systems. Techniques like quantization or pruning can…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2024-11-26 Wenxiang Lin , Xinglin Pan , Shaohuai Shi , Xuan Wang , Xiaowen Chu

Although deep learning-based personalized recommendation systems provide qualified recommendations, they strain data center resources. The main bottleneck is the embedding layer, which is highly memory-intensive due to its sparse, irregular…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Youngsuk Kim , Junghwan Lim , Hyuk-Jae Lee , Chae Eun Rhee

Recent studies from several hyperscalars pinpoint to embedding layers as the most memory-intensive deep learning (DL) algorithm being deployed in today's datacenters. This paper addresses the memory capacity and bandwidth challenges of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-08-27 Youngeun Kwon , Yunjae Lee , Minsoo Rhu

Probabilistic graphical models (PGMs) serve as a powerful framework for modeling complex systems with uncertainty and extracting valuable insights from data. However, users face challenges when applying PGMs to their problems in terms of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-29 Jiantong Jiang , Zeyi Wen , Peiyu Yang , Atif Mansoor , Ajmal Mian

Machine learning and quantum computing are two technologies that are causing a paradigm shift in the performance and behavior of certain algorithms, achieving previously unattainable results. Machine learning (kernel classification) has…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-04-28 Siddharth Sharma

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive abilities in various domains while the inference cost is expensive. Many previous studies exploit quantization methods to reduce LLM inference cost by reducing latency and memory…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-12 Jinhao Li , Jiaming Xu , Shiyao Li , Shan Huang , Jun Liu , Yaoxiu Lian , Guohao Dai

As large language models (LLMs) grow in size and deployment scale, quantization has become an essential technique for reducing memory footprint and improving inference efficiency. However, existing quantization toolkits often lack…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Dong Liu , Yanxuan Yu

Large language models (LLMs) have gained significant attention in chemistry. However, most existing datasets center on molecular-level property prediction and overlook the role of fine-grained functional group (FG) information.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Xuan Liu , Siru Ouyang , Xianrui Zhong , Jiawei Han , Huimin Zhao

Quantization is a crucial technique for deploying deep learning models on resource-constrained devices, such as embedded FPGAs. Prior efforts mostly focus on quantizing matrix multiplications, leaving other layers like BatchNorm or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-01 Dingyi Dai , Yichi Zhang , Jiahao Zhang , Zhanqiu Hu , Yaohui Cai , Qi Sun , Zhiru Zhang

As large language models become increasingly prevalent, memory bandwidth constraints significantly limit inference throughput, motivating post-training quantization (PTQ). In this paper, we propose FireQ, a co-designed PTQ framework and an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-21 Daehyeon Baek , Jieun Choi , Jimyoung Son , Kyungmin Bin , Seungbeom Choi , Kihyo Moon , Minsung Jang , Hyojung Lee

Large language models (LLMs) have significantly advanced the natural language processing paradigm but impose substantial demands on memory and computational resources. Quantization is one of the most effective ways to reduce memory…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Xilong Xie , Liang Wang , Limin Xiao , Meng Han , Lin Sun , Shuai Zheng , Xiangrong Xu

Transformer-based large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable performance across a wide range of real-world tasks, but their inference cost remains prohibitively high due to the quadratic complexity of attention and the memory…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Yifu Ding , Xinhao Zhang , Jinyang Guo

Transformer based Large Language Models (LLMs) have been widely used in many fields, and the efficiency of LLM inference becomes hot topic in real applications. However, LLMs are usually complicatedly designed in model structure with…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Hui Wu , Yi Gan , Feng Yuan , Jing Ma , Wei Zhu , Yutao Xu , Hong Zhu , Yuhua Zhu , Xiaoli Liu , Jinghui Gu , Peng Zhao

Post-training quantization (PTQ) is a powerful technique for model compression, reducing the numerical precision in neural networks without additional training overhead. Recent works have investigated adopting 8-bit floating-point…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-08 Shivam Aggarwal , Hans Jakob Damsgaard , Alessandro Pappalardo , Giuseppe Franco , Thomas B. Preußer , Michaela Blott , Tulika Mitra