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Blockchain is a novel technology that is rising a lot of interest in the industrial and re- search sectors because its properties of decentralisation, immutability and data integrity. Initially, the underlying consensus mechanism has been…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-05-10 Stefano De Angelis

Bitcoin, as well as many of its successors, require the whole transaction record to be reliably acquired by all nodes to prevent double-spending. Recently, many blockchains have been proposed to achieve scale-out throughput by letting nodes…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2018-05-18 Zhijie Ren , Kelong Cong , Taico V. Aerts , Bart A. P. de Jonge , Alejandro F. Morais , Zekeriya Erkin

Bitcoin was the first successful decentralized cryptocurrency and remains the most popular of its kind to this day. Despite the benefits of its blockchain, Bitcoin still faces serious scalability issues, most importantly its ever-increasing…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-04-16 Roman Matzutt , Benedikt Kalde , Jan Pennekamp , Arthur Drichel , Martin Henze , Klaus Wehrle

We define and examine the shutdown problem for blockchain systems: how to gracefully end the system's operation at the end of its useful life. A particular focus is those blockchain systems that hold archival data of long-lived interest. We…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2019-02-21 Mark Stuart Day

Blockchain has attracted significant attention in recent years due to its potential to revolutionize various industries by providing trustlessness. To comprehensively examine blockchain systems, this article presents both a macro-level…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-04-18 Minghui Xu , Yihao Guo , Chunchi Liu , Qin Hu , Dongxiao Yu , Zehui Xiong , Dusit Niyato , Xiuzhen Cheng

The presented work continues the line of recent distributed computing communityefforts dedicated to the theoretical aspects of blockchains. This paper is the rst tospecify blockchains as a composition of abstract data types all together…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2018-05-15 Emmanuelle Anceaume , Antonella Del Pozzo , Romaric Ludinard , Maria Potop-Butucaru , Sara Tucci-Piergiovanni

Blockchain-based systems have gained immense popularity as enablers of independent asset transfers and smart contract functionality. They have also, since as early as the first Bitcoin blocks, been used for storing arbitrary contents such…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-03-18 Marcel Gregoriadis , Robert Muth , Martin Florian

We have entered an era where the importance of decentralized solutions has become more obvious. Blockchain technology and its derivatives are distributed ledger technologies that keep the registry of data between peers of a network. This…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-12-21 E. Karaarslan , E. Konacaklı

Blockchain technologies are facing a scalability challenge, which must be overcome to guarantee a wider adoption of the technology. This scalability issue is due to the use of consensus algorithms to guarantee the total order of the chain…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-02-10 Margarita Capretto , Martín Ceresa , Antonio Fernández Anta , Antonio Russo , César Sánchez

Blockchain is a radical innovation with a unique value proposition that shifts trust from institutions to algorithms. Still, the potential of blockchains remains elusive due to knowledge gaps between computer science research and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-05-06 Olga Labazova , Erol Kazan , Tobias Dehling , Tuure Tuunanen , Ali Sunyaev

Bitcoin is an immutable permissionless blockchain system that has been extensively used as a public bulletin board by many different applications that heavily relies on its immutability. However, Bitcoin's immutability is not without its…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-10-10 Dominic Deuber , Bernardo Magri , Sri Aravinda Krishnan Thyagarajan

Blockchain is a disruptive technology intended at implementing secure decentralized distributed systems, in which transactional data can be shared, stored and verified by participants of a system using cryptographic and consensus…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-03-11 Sabreen Ahmadjee , Rami Bahsoon

The rise of blockchain technologies has given a boost to social good projects, which are trying to exploit various characteristic features of blockchains: the quick and inexpensive transfer of cryptocurrency, the transparency of…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2018-11-09 Massimo Bartoletti , Tiziana Cimoli , Livio Pompianu , Sergio Serusi

Storage scalability is paramount in the era of big data blockchain. A storage-scalable blockchain can effectively scale out state storage to an arbitrary number of nodes and reduce the storage pressure on each, similar to distributed…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Guangda Sun , Jialin Li

Blockchain is an essentially distributed database recording all transactions or digital events among participating parties. Each transaction in the records is approved and verified by consensus of the participants in the system that…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-07-07 Jie You

Blockchain technologies are facing a scalability challenge, which must be overcome to guarantee a wider adoption of the technology. This scalability issue is mostly caused by the use of consensus algorithms to guarantee the total order of…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2022-06-24 Margarita Capretto , Martín Ceresa , Antonio Fernández Anta , Antonio Russo , César Sánchez

Blockchain is a decentralised, immutable ledger technology that has been widely adopted in many sectors for various applications such as cryptocurrencies, smart contracts and supply chain management. Distributed consensus is a fundamental…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Siamak Abdi , Giuseppe Di Fatta , Atta Badii , Giancarlo Fortino

Blockchains are widely recognized for their immutability, which provides robust guarantees of data integrity and transparency. However, this same feature poses significant challenges in real-world situations that require regulatory…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-13 Federico Calandra , Marco Bernardo , Andrea Esposito , Francesco Fabris

Blockchain is an emerging decentralized data collection, sharing and storage technology, which have provided abundant transparent, secure, tamper-proof, secure and robust ledger services for various real-world use cases. Recent years have…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2022-08-18 Xiao Li , Weili Wu

The blockchain initially gained traction in 2008 as the technology underlying bitcoin, but now has been employed in a diverse range of applications and created a global market worth over $150B as of 2017. What distinguishes blockchains from…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-11-15 Shehar Bano , Alberto Sonnino , Mustafa Al-Bassam , Sarah Azouvi , Patrick McCorry , Sarah Meiklejohn , George Danezis