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Sharpness aware minimization (SAM) optimizer has been extensively explored as it can generalize better for training deep neural networks via introducing extra perturbation steps to flatten the landscape of deep learning models. Integrating…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-02 Hao Sun , Li Shen , Qihuang Zhong , Liang Ding , Shixiang Chen , Jingwei Sun , Jing Li , Guangzhong Sun , Dacheng Tao

In this paper, we investigate the convergence properties of a wide class of Adam-family methods for minimizing quadratically regularized nonsmooth nonconvex optimization problems, especially in the context of training nonsmooth neural…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-10-16 Kuangyu Ding , Nachuan Xiao , Kim-Chuan Toh

Adam has become one of the most popular optimizers for training modern deep neural networks, such as transformers. However, its applicability is largely restricted to single-level optimization problems. In this paper, we aim to extend…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-07 Xiaochuan Gong , Jie Hao , Mingrui Liu

Modern adaptive optimization methods, such as Adam and its variants, have emerged as the most widely used tools in deep learning over recent years. These algorithms offer automatic mechanisms for dynamically adjusting the update step based…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-12 Son Nguyen , Bo Liu , Lizhang Chen , Qiang Liu

Recently, convergence as well as convergence rate analyses of deep learning optimizers for nonconvex optimization have been widely studied. Meanwhile, numerical evaluations for the optimizers have precisely clarified the relationship…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-08-27 Hideaki Iiduka

Adaptive Moment Estimation (Adam), which combines Adaptive Learning Rate and Momentum, would be the most popular stochastic optimizer for accelerating the training of deep neural networks. However, it is empirically known that Adam often…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-15 Zeke Xie , Xinrui Wang , Huishuai Zhang , Issei Sato , Masashi Sugiyama

The success of the Adam optimizer on a wide array of architectures has made it the default in settings where stochastic gradient descent (SGD) performs poorly. However, our theoretical understanding of this discrepancy is lagging,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-28 Frederik Kunstner , Jacques Chen , Jonathan Wilder Lavington , Mark Schmidt

Deep neural networks are commonly trained using stochastic non-convex optimization procedures, which are driven by gradient information estimated on fractions (batches) of the dataset. While it is commonly accepted that batch size is an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-04-26 Ilya Loshchilov , Frank Hutter

We propose a new variant of AMSGrad, a popular adaptive gradient based optimization algorithm widely used for training deep neural networks. Our algorithm adds prior knowledge about the sequence of consecutive mini-batch gradients and…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-11-04 Jun-Kun Wang , Xiaoyun Li , Belhal Karimi , Ping Li

Many adaptive optimization methods have been proposed and used in deep learning, in which Adam is regarded as the default algorithm and widely used in many deep learning frameworks. Recently, many variants of Adam, such as Adabound, RAdam…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-05 Wei Yuan , Kai-Xin Gao

Stochastic gradient descent (SGD) optimization methods are nowadays the method of choice for the training of deep neural networks (DNNs) in artificial intelligence systems. In practically relevant training problems, usually not the plain…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-08-01 Steffen Dereich , Arnulf Jentzen

A crucial component of machine learning algorithms is minimizing loss functions with less computational cost and less oscillations. While adaptive learning rate-based optimizers have been widely used for real-world tasks, they do not…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Sakshi Kumari , Shyam Kumar M , Sushmitha P

The choice of batch sizes in minibatch stochastic gradient optimizers is critical in large-scale model training for both optimization and generalization performance. Although large-batch training is arguably the dominant training paradigm…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-29 Tim Tsz-Kit Lau , Han Liu , Mladen Kolar

We present a theory for the previously unexplained divergent behavior noticed in the training of large language models. We argue that the phenomenon is an artifact of the dominant optimization algorithm used for training, called Adam. We…

Scalable training of large models (like BERT and GPT-3) requires careful optimization rooted in model design, architecture, and system capabilities. From a system standpoint, communication has become a major bottleneck, especially on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-01 Hanlin Tang , Shaoduo Gan , Ammar Ahmad Awan , Samyam Rajbhandari , Conglong Li , Xiangru Lian , Ji Liu , Ce Zhang , Yuxiong He

Adaptive optimization algorithms, particularly Adam and its variant AdamW, are fundamental components of modern deep learning. However, their training dynamics lack comprehensive theoretical understanding, with limited insight into why…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-23 Rhys Gould , Hidenori Tanaka

This paper deals with nonconvex stochastic optimization problems in deep learning and provides appropriate learning rates with which adaptive learning rate optimization algorithms, such as Adam and AMSGrad, can approximate a stationary…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-11-24 Hideaki Iiduka

The adaptive moment estimation (Adam) optimizer proposed by Kingma & Ba (2014) is presumably the most popular stochastic gradient descent (SGD) optimization method for the training of deep neural networks (DNNs) in artificial intelligence…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Steffen Dereich , Thang Do , Arnulf Jentzen

We propose a new variant of the Adam optimizer called MicroAdam that specifically minimizes memory overheads, while maintaining theoretical convergence guarantees. We achieve this by compressing the gradient information before it is fed…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-06 Ionut-Vlad Modoranu , Mher Safaryan , Grigory Malinovsky , Eldar Kurtic , Thomas Robert , Peter Richtarik , Dan Alistarh

This paper proposes a conjugate-gradient-based Adam algorithm blending Adam with nonlinear conjugate gradient methods and shows its convergence analysis. Numerical experiments on text classification and image classification show that the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-03-04 Yu Kobayashi , Hideaki Iiduka