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Towards characterizing the optimization landscape of games, this paper analyzes the stability of gradient-based dynamics near fixed points of two-player continuous games. We introduce the quadratic numerical range as a method to…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2021-01-15 Benjamin J. Chasnov , Daniel Calderone , Behçet Açıkmeşe , Samuel A. Burden , Lillian J. Ratliff

Generative adversarial networks (GANs) represent a zero-sum game between two machine players, a generator and a discriminator, designed to learn the distribution of data. While GANs have achieved state-of-the-art performance in several…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-24 Farzan Farnia , Asuman Ozdaglar

We study zero-sum games in the space of probability distributions over the Euclidean space $\mathbb{R}^d$ with entropy regularization, in the setting when the interaction function between the players is smooth and strongly convex-strongly…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Yang Cai , Siddharth Mitra , Xiuyuan Wang , Andre Wibisono

Despite the success of generative adversarial networks (GANs) in generating visually appealing images, they are notoriously challenging to train. In order to stabilize the learning dynamics in minimax games, we propose a novel recursive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-01 Zichu Liu , Lacra Pavel

We study model-based and model-free policy optimization in a class of nonzero-sum stochastic dynamic games called linear quadratic (LQ) deep structured games. In such games, players interact with each other through a set of weighted…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2020-12-15 Masoud Roudneshin , Jalal Arabneydi , Amir G. Aghdam

Motivated by the pursuit of a systematic computational and algorithmic understanding of Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs), we present a simple yet unified non-asymptotic local convergence theory for smooth two-player games, which…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-07-27 Tengyuan Liang , James Stokes

Under mild regularity conditions, gradient-based methods converge globally to a critical point in the single-loss setting. This is known to break down for vanilla gradient descent when moving to multi-loss optimization, but can we hope to…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-01-19 Alistair Letcher

Nonconvex constrained optimization problems can be used to model a number of machine learning problems, such as multi-class Neyman-Pearson classification and constrained Markov decision processes. However, such kinds of problems are…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-12-04 Songtao Lu

We study the convergence to local Nash equilibria of gradient methods for two-player zero-sum differentiable games. It is well-known that such dynamics converge locally when $S \succ 0$ and may diverge when $S=0$, where $S\succeq 0$ is the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-11-08 Guillaume Wang , Lénaïc Chizat

We introduce a stochastic learning process called the dampened gradient approximation process. While learning models have almost exclusively focused on finite games, in this paper we design a learning process for games with continuous…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2018-07-02 Sebastian Bervoets , Mario Bravo , Mathieu Faure

Self-play via online learning is one of the premier ways to solve large-scale two-player zero-sum games, both in theory and practice. Particularly popular algorithms include optimistic multiplicative weights update (OMWU) and optimistic…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Yang Cai , Gabriele Farina , Julien Grand-Clément , Christian Kroer , Chung-Wei Lee , Haipeng Luo , Weiqiang Zheng

Min-max formulations have attracted great attention in the ML community due to the rise of deep generative models and adversarial methods, while understanding the dynamics of gradient algorithms for solving such formulations has remained a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-03-05 Guojun Zhang , Yaoliang Yu

This paper investigates the convergence of learning dynamics in Stackelberg games. In the class of games we consider, there is a hierarchical game being played between a leader and a follower with continuous action spaces. We establish a…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-12-07 Tanner Fiez , Benjamin Chasnov , Lillian J. Ratliff

Many applications in machine learning can be framed as minimization problems and solved efficiently using gradient-based techniques. However, recent applications of generative models, particularly GANs, have triggered interest in solving…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-24 Paulina Grnarova , Yannic Kilcher , Kfir Y. Levy , Aurelien Lucchi , Thomas Hofmann

Alternating gradient-descent-ascent (AltGDA) is an optimization algorithm that has been widely used for model training in various machine learning applications, which aims to solve a nonconvex minimax optimization problem. However, the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-23 Ziyi Chen , Shaocong Ma , Yi Zhou

Large-scale nonconvex optimization problems are ubiquitous in modern machine learning, and among practitioners interested in solving them, Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) reigns supreme. We revisit the analysis of SGD in the nonconvex…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-07-27 Ahmed Khaled , Peter Richtárik

A seminal result in game theory is von Neumann's minmax theorem, which states that zero-sum games admit an essentially unique equilibrium solution. Classical learning results build on this theorem to show that online no-regret dynamics…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2021-11-08 Tanner Fiez , Ryann Sim , Stratis Skoulakis , Georgios Piliouras , Lillian Ratliff

Stochastic gradient descent ascent (SGDA) and its variants have been the workhorse for solving minimax problems. However, in contrast to the well-studied stochastic gradient descent (SGD) with differential privacy (DP) constraints, there is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-01 Zhenhuan Yang , Shu Hu , Yunwen Lei , Kush R. Varshney , Siwei Lyu , Yiming Ying

In a recent series of papers it has been established that variants of Gradient Descent/Ascent and Mirror Descent exhibit last iterate convergence in convex-concave zero-sum games. Specifically, \cite{DISZ17, LiangS18} show last iterate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Qi Lei , Sai Ganesh Nagarajan , Ioannis Panageas , Xiao Wang

In this work, we consider constrained stochastic optimization problems under hidden convexity, i.e., those that admit a convex reformulation via non-linear (but invertible) map $c(\cdot)$. A number of non-convex problems ranging from…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-11-12 Ilyas Fatkhullin , Niao He , Yifan Hu
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