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Deep neural networks have set the state-of-the-art in computer vision tasks such as bounding box detection and semantic segmentation. Object detectors and segmentation models assign confidence scores to predictions, reflecting the model's…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-16 Tobias J. Riedlinger , Kira Maag , Hanno Gottschalk

When deployed for risk-sensitive tasks, deep neural networks must include an uncertainty estimation mechanism. Here we examine the relationship between deep architectures and their respective training regimes, with their corresponding…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-24 Ido Galil , Mohammed Dabbah , Ran El-Yaniv

Estimating uncertainty from deep neural networks is a widely used approach for detecting out-of-distribution (OoD) samples, which typically exhibit high predictive uncertainty. However, conventional methods such as Monte Carlo (MC) Dropout…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-25 JinYoung Kim , DaeUng Jo , Kimin Yun , Jeonghyo Song , Youngjoon Yoo

The capability to detect objects is a core part of autonomous driving. Due to sensor noise and incomplete data, perfectly detecting and localizing every object is infeasible. Therefore, it is important for a detector to provide the amount…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-02-04 Gregory P. Meyer , Niranjan Thakurdesai

Neural networks (NNs) lack measures of "reliability" estimation that would enable reasoning over their predictions. Despite the vital importance, especially in areas of human well-being and health, state-of-the-art uncertainty estimation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-12 Lorena Qendro , Jagmohan Chauhan , Alberto Gil C. P. Ramos , Cecilia Mascolo

Deterministic neural nets have been shown to learn effective predictors on a wide range of machine learning problems. However, as the standard approach is to train the network to minimize a prediction loss, the resultant model remains…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-11-02 Murat Sensoy , Lance Kaplan , Melih Kandemir

Despite their impressive predictive performance in various computer vision tasks, deep neural networks (DNNs) tend to make overly confident predictions, which hinders their widespread use in safety-critical applications. While there have…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-12 Teodora Popordanoska , Aleksei Tiulpin , Matthew B. Blaschko

Deep neural networks can be roughly divided into deterministic neural networks and stochastic neural networks.The former is usually trained to achieve a mapping from input space to output space via maximum likelihood estimation for the…

Due to the comprehensive nature of this paper, it has been updated and split into two separate papers: "A Framework For Benchmarking Class-out-of-distribution Detection And Its Application To ImageNet" and "What Can We Learn From The…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-24 Ido Galil , Mohammed Dabbah , Ran El-Yaniv

Uncertainty estimation for machine learning models is of high importance in many scenarios such as constructing the confidence intervals for model predictions and detection of out-of-distribution or adversarially generated points. In this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-06 Kirill Fedyanin , Evgenii Tsymbalov , Maxim Panov

Deep learning (DL) has recently attracted increasing interest to improve object type classification for automotive radar.In addition to high accuracy, it is crucial for decision making in autonomous vehicles to evaluate the reliability of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-11 Kanil Patel , William Beluch , Kilian Rambach , Adriana-Eliza Cozma , Michael Pfeiffer , Bin Yang

Robustness to out-of-distribution (OOD) data is an important goal in building reliable machine learning systems. Especially in autonomous systems, wrong predictions for OOD inputs can cause safety critical situations. As a first step…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-04-17 Andreas Sedlmeier , Thomas Gabor , Thomy Phan , Lenz Belzner , Claudia Linnhoff-Popien

Modern neural networks are very powerful predictive models, but they are often incapable of recognizing when their predictions may be wrong. Closely related to this is the task of out-of-distribution detection, where a network must…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-02-15 Terrance DeVries , Graham W. Taylor

Deep learning models are being adopted and applied on various critical decision-making tasks, yet they are trained to provide point predictions without providing degrees of confidence. The trustworthiness of deep learning models can be…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-28 Daniel Nolte , Souparno Ghosh , Ranadip Pal

Deep convolutional neural networks have recently achieved state-of-the-art performance on a number of image recognition benchmarks, including the ImageNet Large-Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC-2012). The winning model on the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2013-12-10 Dumitru Erhan , Christian Szegedy , Alexander Toshev , Dragomir Anguelov

Deep learning has emerged as a promising paradigm to give access to highly accurate predictions of molecular and materials properties. A common short-coming shared by current approaches, however, is that neural networks only give point…

Computational Physics · Physics 2023-05-10 Albert Zhu , Simon Batzner , Albert Musaelian , Boris Kozinsky

Deep learning provides a powerful tool for machine perception when the observations resemble the training data. However, real-world robotic systems must react intelligently to their observations even in unexpected circumstances. This…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-12-31 Rowan McAllister , Gregory Kahn , Jeff Clune , Sergey Levine

Deep neural networks (DNNs) have enabled astounding progress in several vision-based problems. Despite showing high predictive accuracy, recently, several works have revealed that they tend to provide overconfident predictions and thus are…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-28 Muhammad Akhtar Munir , Muhammad Haris Khan , Salman Khan , Fahad Shahbaz Khan

Deterministic neural networks (NNs) are increasingly being deployed in safety critical domains, where calibrated, robust, and efficient measures of uncertainty are crucial. In this paper, we propose a novel method for training non-Bayesian…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-25 Alexander Amini , Wilko Schwarting , Ava Soleimany , Daniela Rus

Precise probabilistic forecasts are fundamental for energy risk management, and there is a wide range of both statistical and machine learning models for this purpose. Inherent to these probabilistic models is some form of uncertainty…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Andreas Lebedev , Abhinav Das , Sven Pappert , Stephan Schlüter