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The problem of ``Dark Patterns" in user interface/user experience (UI/UX) design has proven a difficult issue to tackle. Malicious and explotitative design has expanded to multiple domains in the past 10 years and which has in turn led to…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-02-27 Frank Lewis , Julita Vassileva

Manipulation defines many of our experiences as a consumer, including subtle nudges and overt advertising campaigns that seek to gain our attention and money. With the advent of digital services that can continuously optimize online…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2022-07-22 Colin M. Gray , Jingle Chen , Shruthi Sai Chivukula , Liyang Qu

Many researchers have been concerned with social media and possible negative impacts on the well-being of their audience. With the popularity of social networking sites (SNS) steadily increasing, psychological and social sciences have shown…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2021-03-22 Thomas Mildner , Gian-Luca Savino

The advancement of artificial intelligence has transformed user interface design by enabling adaptive and personalized systems. Alongside these benefits, AI driven interfaces have also enabled the emergence of dark patterns, which are…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Daksh Pandey

Dark patterns utilize interface elements to trick users into performing unwanted actions. Online shopping websites often employ these manipulative mechanisms so as to increase their potential customer base, to boost their sales, or to…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2021-07-19 Christian Voigt , Stephan Schlögl , Aleksander Groth

Dark patterns are deceptive user interfaces employed by e-commerce websites to manipulate user's behavior in a way that benefits the website, often unethically. This study investigates the detection of such dark patterns. Existing solutions…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-06-05 Arya Ramteke , Sankalp Tembhurne , Gunesh Sonawane , Ratnmala N. Bhimanpallewar

Deceptive and coercive design practices are increasingly used by companies to extract profit, harvest data, and limit consumer choice. Dark patterns represent the most common contemporary amalgamation of these problematic practices,…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-06-28 Colin M. Gray , Cristiana Santos , Nataliia Bielova , Thomas Mildner

Many researchers have been concerned with whether social media has a negative impact on the well-being of their audience. With the popularity of social networking sites (SNS) steadily increasing, psychological and social sciences have shown…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2021-04-08 Thomas Mildner , Gian-Luca Savino

Although deceptive design patterns are subject to growing regulatory oversight, enforcement races to keep up with the scale of the problem. One promising solution is automated detection tools, many of which are developed within academia. We…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-02-19 Arianna Rossi , Simon Parkin

Throughout the past decade, research in HCI has identified numerous instances of dark patterns in digital interfaces. These efforts have led to a well-fostered typology describing harmful strategies users struggle to navigate. However, an…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-05-14 Thomas Mildner , Albert Inkoom , Rainer Malaka , Jasmin Niess

While a central goal of HCI has always been to create and develop interfaces that are easy to use, a deeper focus has been set more recently on designing interfaces more ethically. However, the exact meaning and measurement of ethical…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2022-07-20 Thomas Mildner , Philip Doyle , Gian-Luca Savino , Rainer Malaka

The dark patterns, deceptive interface designs manipulating user behaviors, have been extensively studied for their effects on human decision-making and autonomy. Yet, with the rising prominence of LLM-powered GUI agents that automate tasks…

The study of UX dark patterns, i.e., UI designs that seek to manipulate user behaviors, often for the benefit of online services, has drawn significant attention in the CHI and CSCW communities in recent years. To complement previous…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-02-06 Yuwen Lu , Chao Zhang , Yuewen Yang , Yaxing Yao , Toby Jia-Jun Li

Dark patterns are (evil) design nudges that steer people's behaviour through persuasive interface design. Increasingly found in cookie consent requests, they possibly undermine principles of EU privacy law. In two preregistered online…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-09-24 Paul Graßl , Hanna Schraffenberger , Frederik Zuiderveen Borgesius , Moniek Buijzen

Deceptive patterns, dark patterns, and manipulative user interfaces (UI) are a widely used design strategy that manipulates users to act against their own interests in pursuit of shareholder aims. These patterns may particularly affect…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Tobias Pellkvist , Katie Seaborn , Miu Kojima

Research in HCI has shown a growing interest in unethical design practices across numerous domains, often referred to as ``dark patterns''. There is, however, a gap in related literature regarding social networking services (SNSs). In this…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-03-02 Thomas Mildner , Gian-Luca Savino , Philip R. Doyle , Benjamin R. Cowan , Rainer Malaka

Mixed Reality (MR) integrates virtual objects with the real world, offering potential but raising concerns about misuse through dark patterns. This study explored the effects of four dark patterns, adapted from prior research, and applied…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Luca-Maxim Meinhardt , Simon Demharter , Michael Rietzler , Mark Colley , Thomas Eßmeyer , Enrico Rukzio

Designers' use of deceptive and manipulative design practices have become increasingly ubiquitous, impacting users' ability to make choices that respect their agency and autonomy. These practices have been popularly defined through the term…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2022-07-22 Ikechukwu Obi , Colin M. Gray , Shruthi Sai Chivukula , Ja-Nae Duane , Janna Johns , Matthew Will , Ziqing Li , Thomas Carlock

Large language models can influence users through conversation, creating new forms of dark patterns that differ from traditional UX dark patterns. We define LLM dark patterns as manipulative or deceptive behaviors enacted in dialogue.…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Yike Shi , Qing Xiao , Qing Hu , Hong Shen , Hua Shen

Augmented Reality (AR) applications are becoming more mainstream, with successful examples in the mobile environment like Pokemon GO. Current malicious techniques can exploit these environments' immersive and mixed nature (physical-virtual)…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-03-10 Xian Wang , Lik-Hang Lee , Carlos Bermejo Fernandez , Pan Hui