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The quantum Fourier transform (QFT) is a ubiquitous quantum operation that is used in numerous quantum computing applications. The major obstacle to constructing a QFT circuit is that numerous elementary gates are required. Among the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-07-23 Byeongyong Park , Doyeol Ahn

We present an arithmetic circuit performing constant modular addition having $\mathcal{O}(n)$ depth of Toffoli gates and using a total of $n+3$ qubits. This is an improvement by a factor of two compared to the width of the state-of-the-art…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-06-08 Oumarou Oumarou , Alexandru Paler , Robert Basmadjian

The Toffoli gate is a fundamental building block for quantum arithmetic and reversible logic, yet its efficient realization remains a major challenge in both near-term and fault-tolerant quantum architectures. Recent advances in dynamic…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-21 Abhoy Kole , Till Schnittka , Rolf Drechsler

We report optimal and asymptotically optimal reversible circuits composed of NOT, CNOT, and Toffoli (NCT) gates, keeping the count by the subsets of the gate types used. This study fine tunes the circuit complexity figures for the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-07-25 Dmitri Maslov

We present the first exact quantum adder with sublinear depth and no ancilla qubits. Our construction is based on classical reversible logic only and employs low-depth implementations for the CNOT ladder operator and the Toffoli ladder…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-04 Maxime Remaud , Vivien Vandaele

As quantum computing resources remain scarce and error rates high, minimizing the resource consumption of quantum circuits is essential for achieving practical quantum advantage. Here we consider the natural problem of, given a circuit $C$,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-27 Adam Husted Kjelstrøm , Andreas Pavlogiannis , Jaco van de Pol

Quantum arithmetic circuits have practical applications in various quantum algorithms. In this paper, we address quantum addition on 2-dimensional nearest-neighbor architectures based on the work presented by Choi and Van Meter (JETC 2012).…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-04-02 Mehdi Saeedi , Alireza Shafaei , Massoud Pedram

In quantum computing the decoherence time of the qubits determines the computation time available and this time is very limited when using current hardware. In this paper we minimize the execution time (the depth) for a class of circuits…

Quantum computing has the potential to solve many complex algorithms in the domains of optimization, arithmetics, structural search, financial risk analysis, machine learning, image processing, and others. Quantum circuits built to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-07-26 Vladimir V. Arsoski

While mapping a quantum circuit to the physical layer one has to consider the numerous constraints imposed by the underlying hardware architecture. Connectivity of the physical qubits is one such constraint that restricts two-qubit…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-11-14 Vlad Gheorghiu , Jiaxin Huang , Sarah Meng Li , Michele Mosca , Priyanka Mukhopadhyay

Recently, reversible circuit synthesis has been intensively studied. One of the problems that has not been solved for a long time was exact minimization of gate count (GC) in 4-bit circuits. Finally, last year a tool of practical usage for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-10-24 Marek Szyprowski , Pawel Kerntopf

Quantum addition based on the quantum Fourier transform can be an integral part of a quantum circuit and proved to be more efficient than the existing classical ripple carry adder. Our study includes identifying the quantum resource…

There is increasing interest in the development of gate-based quantum circuits for the training of machine learning models. Yet, little is understood concerning the parameters of circuit design, and the effects of noise and other…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-12-14 Patrick Selig , Niall Murphy , Ashwin Sundareswaran R , David Redmond , Simon Caton

Efficient quantum arithmetic circuits are commonly found in numerous quantum algorithms of practical significance. Till date, the logarithmic-depth quantum adders includes a constant coefficient k >= 2 while achieving the Toffoli-Depth of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-05-07 Siyi Wang , Suman Deb , Ankit Mondal , Anupam Chattopadhyay

Quantum noise in real-world devices poses a significant challenge in achieving practical quantum advantage, since accurately compiled and executed circuits are typically deep and highly susceptible to decoherence. To facilitate the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-13 Yuchen Guo , Shuo Yang

This paper is motivated by two key observations. First, Toffoli ladders can be implemented in three distinct ways: with linear or polylogarithmic depth using no ancilla, or with logarithmic depth using ancilla qubits. Second, two…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-02 Maxime Remaud

In the near term, programming quantum computers will remain severely limited by low quantum volumes. Therefore, it is desirable to implement quantum circuits with the fewest resources possible. For the common Clifford+T circuits, most…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2023-11-16 Korbinian Staudacher , Tobias Guggemos , Sophia Grundner-Culemann , Wolfgang Gehrke

Quantum circuits of many qubits are extremely difficult to realize; thus, the number of qubits is an important metric in a quantum circuit design. Further, scalable and reliable quantum circuits are based on Clifford + T gates. An efficient…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-06-19 Edgard Muñoz-Coreas , Himanshu Thapliyal

This paper presents a method for constructing quantum circuits for schoolbook multiplication using controlled add-subtract circuits, asymptotically halving the Toffoli count compared to traditional controlled-adder-based constructions.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-10-02 Daniel Litinski

Prior work of Beverland et al. has shown that any exact Clifford+$T$ implementation of the $n$-qubit Toffoli gate must use at least $n$ $T$ gates. Here we show how to get away with exponentially fewer $T$ gates, at the cost of incurring a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-09 David Gosset , Robin Kothari , Chenyi Zhang