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A transformation optics approach was used to derive a general method for designing electromagnetic devices able to manipulate the wave vectors in the specific manner required by the functionality of the device. While the wave paths inside…

Optics · Physics 2017-07-19 Mircea Giloan

Orbital angular momentum associated with the helical phase-front of optical beams provides an unbounded \qo{space} for both classical and quantum communications. Among the different approaches to generate and manipulate orbital angular…

Orbital angular momentum and torque transfer play central roles in a wide range of magnetic textures and devices including skyrmions and spin-torque electronics(1-4). Analogous topological structures are now also being explored in…

A convolutional neural network-based classifier is elaborated to retrace the initial orientation of deformed nucleus-nucleus collisions by integrating multiple typical experimental observables. The isospin-dependent…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2023-12-08 Zu-Xing Yang , Xiao-Hua Fan , Zhi-Pan Li , Shunji Nishimura

We experimentally demonstrate a technique for the generation of optical beams carrying orbital angular momentum using a planar semiconductor microcavity. Despite being isotropic systems, the transverse electric - transverse magnetic (TE-TM)…

Parallel sorting of orbital angular momentum (OAM) and polarization has recently acquired paramount importance and interest in a wide range of fields ranging from telecommunications to high-dimensional quantum cryptography. Due to their…

In modern artificial intelligence, convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have become a cornerstone for visual and perceptual tasks. However, their implementation on conventional electronic hardware faces fundamental bottlenecks in speed and…

Understanding the relationship between atomic structure (order) and chemical composition (chemistry) is critical for advancing materials science, yet traditional spectroscopic techniques can be slow and damaging to sensitive samples.…

Materials Science · Physics 2025-08-29 Mridul Kumar , Yevgeny Rakita

Convolutional neural networks are powerful tools for image segmentation and classification. Here, we use this method to identify and mark the heart region of Drosophila at different developmental stages in the cross-sectional images…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-07-24 Lian Duan , Xi Qin , Yuanhao He , Xialin Sang , Jinda Pan , Tao Xu , Jing Men , Rudolph E. Tanzi , Airong Li , Yutao Ma , Chao Zhou

Neutron computed tomography (nCT) is a 3D characterization technique used to image the internal morphology or chemical composition of samples in biology and materials sciences. A typical workflow involves placing the sample in the path of a…

We propose a new method for solving an important problem of astronomy that arises in observations with ultrahigh-angular-resolution interferometers. This method is based on the application of the theory of artificial neural networks. We…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2019-06-26 Alexander Shatskiy , Ivan Evgeniev

We present a method to efficiently multiply or divide the orbital angular momentum (OAM) of light beams using a sequence of two optical elements. The key-element is represented by an optical transformation mapping the azimuthal phase…

Optics · Physics 2019-04-22 Gianluca Ruffato , Michele Massari , Filippo Romanato

In this paper, an unsupervised machine learning method for geometric constellation shaping is investigated. By embedding a differentiable fiber channel model within two neural networks, the learning algorithm is optimizing for a geometric…

In this paper, based on the combination of finite element mesh and neural network, a novel type of neural network element space and corresponding machine learning method are designed for solving partial differential equations. The…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-04-24 Yifan Wang , Zhongshuo Lin , Hehu Xie

Visual error metrics play a fundamental role in the quantification of perceived image similarity. Most recently, use cases for them in real-time applications have emerged, such as content-adaptive shading and shading reuse to increase…

Graphics · Computer Science 2023-10-16 João Libório Cardoso , Bernhard Kerbl , Lei Yang , Yury Uralsky , Michael Wimmer

In a scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM), producing a high-resolution image generally requires an electron beam focused to the smallest point possible. However, the magnetic lenses used to focus the beam are unavoidably…

Soot is an important material with impacts that depend on particle morphology. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) represents one of the most direct routes to qualitatively assess particle characteristics. However, producing quantitative…

Applied Physics · Physics 2022-02-01 Timothy A. Sipkens , Max Frei , Alberto Baldelli , P. Kirchen , Frank E. Kruis , Steven N. Rogak

Hyperspectral Imaging is a crucial tool in remote sensing which captures far more spectral information than standard color images. However, the increase in spectral information comes at the cost of spatial resolution. Super-resolution is a…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-10-26 Alexander Ulrichsen , Paul Murray , Stephen Marshall , Moncef Gabbouj , Serkan Kiranyaz , Mehmet Yamac , Nour Aburaed

Due to the ever-expanding volume of observed spectroscopic data from surveys such as SDSS and LAMOST, it has become important to apply artificial intelligence (AI) techniques for analysing stellar spectra to solve spectral classification…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2020-01-08 Kaushal Sharma , Ajit Kembhavi , Aniruddha Kembhavi , T. Sivarani , Sheelu Abraham , Kaustubh Vaghmare

Summary: Errors in gradient trajectories introduce significant artifacts and distortions in magnetic resonance images, particularly in non-Cartesian imaging sequences, where imperfect gradient waveforms can greatly reduce image quality.…

Medical Physics · Physics 2025-06-19 Jonathan B. Martin , Hannah E. Alderson , John C. Gore , Mark D. Does , Kevin D. Harkins