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This paper introduces a novel distributed optimization framework for large-scale AC Optimal Power Flow (OPF) problems, offering both theoretical convergence guarantees and rapid convergence in practice. By integrating smoothing techniques…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-03-04 Xinliang Dai , Yuning Jiang , Yi Guo , Colin N. Jones , Moritz Diehl , Veit Hagenmeyer

This paper presents a scalable method for improving the solutions of AC Optimal Power Flow (AC OPF) with respect to deviations in predicted power injections from wind and other uncertain generation resources. The focus of the paper is on…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2019-01-10 Miles Lubin , Yury Dvorkin , Line Roald

The increasing penetration of distributed energy resources (DERs) adds variability as well as fast control capabilities to power networks. Dispatching the DERs based on local information to provide real-time optimal network operation is the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-02-24 Heng Liang , Yujin Huang , Changhong Zhao

Probabilistic optimal power flow (POPF) is an important analytical tool to ensure the secure and economic operation of power systems. POPF needs to solve enormous nonlinear and nonconvex optimization problems. The huge computational burden…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-06-25 Yan Yang , Juan Yu , Zhifang Yang , Mingxu Xiang , Ren Liu

Learning to optimize (L2O) parametric approximations of AC optimal power flow (AC-OPF) solutions offers the potential for fast, reusable decision-making in real-time power system operations. However, the inherent nonconvexity of AC-OPF…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Shimiao Li , Aaron Tuor , Draguna Vrabie , Larry Pileggi , Jan Drgona

In recent years, the power systems research community has seen an explosion of novel methods for formulating the AC power flow equations. Consequently, benchmarking studies using the seminal AC Optimal Power Flow (AC-OPF) problem have…

To solve the optimal power flow (OPF) problem, reinforcement learning (RL) emerges as a promising new approach. However, the RL-OPF literature is strongly divided regarding the exact formulation of the OPF problem as an RL environment. In…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-27 Thomas Wolgast , Astrid Nieße

The security-constrained optimal power flow (SCOPF) is fundamental in power systems and connects the automatic primary response (APR) of synchronized generators with the short-term schedule. Every day, the SCOPF problem is repeatedly solved…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-07-15 Alexandre Velloso , Pascal Van Hentenryck

Stepwise controllable devices, such as switched capacitors or stepwise controllable loads and generators, transform the nonconvex AC optimal power flow (AC-OPF) problem into a nonconvex mixed-integer (MI) programming problem which is…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-10-13 Johannes Heid , Nils Bornhorst , Eric Tönges , Philipp Härtel , Denis Mende , Martin Braun

At the heart of power system operations, alternating current optimal power flow (ACOPF) studies the generation of electric power in the most economical way under network-wide load requirement, and can be formulated as a highly structured…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-01-17 Sihan Zeng , Youngdae Kim , Yuxuan Ren , Kibaek Kim

DC Optimal Power Flow (DC-OPF) problems optimize the generators' active power setpoints while satisfying constraints based on the DC power flow linearization. The computational tractability advantages of DC-OPF problems come at the expense…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-12-23 Babak Taheri , Daniel K. Molzahn

Several methods have been proposed in the literature to improve the quality of AC optimal power flow (AC-OPF) datasets used in machine learning (ML) models. Yet, scalability to large power systems remains unaddressed and comparing…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-27 Matteo Baù , Luca Perbellini , Samuele Grillo

Alternative Current Optimal Power Flow (AC-OPF) is essential for efficient power system planning and real-time operation but remains an NP-hard and non-convex optimization problem with significant computational challenges. This paper…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-03-03 Ze Hu , Ziqing Zhu , Linghua Zhu , Xiang Wei , Siqi Bu , Ka Wing Chan

To shift the computational burden from real-time to offline in delay-critical power systems applications, recent works entertain the idea of using a deep neural network (DNN) to predict the solutions of the AC optimal power flow (AC-OPF)…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-11-12 Manish K. Singh , Vassilis Kekatos , Georgios B. Giannakis

This paper presents novel methods to approximate the nonlinear AC optimal power flow (OPF) into tractable linear/quadratic programming (LP/QP) based OPF problems that can be used for power system planning and operation. We derive a linear…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2019-03-19 Philipp Fortenbacher , Turhan Demiray

We develop DeepOPF as a Deep Neural Network (DNN) approach for solving direct current optimal power flow (DC-OPF) problems. DeepOPF is inspired by the observation that solving DC-OPF for a given power network is equivalent to characterizing…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2020-09-24 Xiang Pan , Tianyu Zhao , Minghua Chen

Optimal power flow (OPF) is one of the most important optimization problems in the energy industry. In its simplest form, OPF attempts to find the optimal power that the generators within the grid have to produce to satisfy a given demand.…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-10-23 Damian Owerko , Fernando Gama , Alejandro Ribeiro

This paper considers the problem of controlling inverter-interfaced distributed energy resources (DERs) in a distribution grid to solve an AC optimal power flow (OPF) problem in real time. The AC OPF includes voltage constraints, and seeks…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-09-16 Antonin Colot , Yiting Chen , Bertrand Cornelusse , Jorge Cortes , Emiliano Dall'Anese

Optimal power flow (OPF) is a very fundamental but vital optimization problem in the power system, which aims at solving a specific objective function (ex.: generator costs) while maintaining the system in the stable and safe operations. In…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-04-09 Yuhao Zhou , Bei Zhang , Chunlei Xu , Tu Lan , Ruisheng Diao , Di Shi , Zhiwei Wang , Wei-Jen Lee

Electric power grids regularly experience uncertain fluctuations from load demands and renewables, which poses a risk of violating operational limits designed to safeguard the system. In this paper, we consider the robust AC OPF problem…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-04-13 Dongchan Lee , Konstantin Turitsyn , Daniel K. Molzahn , Line A. Roald