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While recent work on conjugate gradient methods and Lanczos decompositions have achieved scalable Gaussian process inference with highly accurate point predictions, in several implementations these iterative methods appear to struggle with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-03 Wesley J. Maddox , Sanyam Kapoor , Andrew Gordon Wilson

We investigate the method of conjugate gradients, exploiting inaccurate matrix-vector products, for the solution of convex quadratic optimization problems. Theoretical performance bounds are derived, and the necessary quantities occurring…

Numerical Analysis · Computer Science 2020-09-22 S. Gratton , E. Simon , D. Titley-Peloquin , Ph. L. Toint

This work investigates a variant of the conjugate gradient (CG) method and embeds it into the context of high-order finite-element schemes with fast matrix-free operator evaluation and cheap preconditioners like the matrix diagonal. Relying…

Mathematical Software · Computer Science 2022-05-19 Martin Kronbichler , Dmytro Sashko , Peter Munch

A new iteration bound for the preconditioned conjugate gradient (PCG) method is presented that more accurately captures convergence for systems with clustered eigenspectra, where the classical condition number-based bound is too…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-11-18 Philip Soliman , Filipe Cumaru , Alexander Heinlein

Gradient Descent (GD) and Conjugate Gradient (CG) methods are among the most effective iterative algorithms for solving unconstrained optimization problems, particularly in machine learning and statistical modeling, where they are employed…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-12-19 Xianqi Jiao , Jia Liu , Zhiping Chen

Generalized linear mixed models (GLMMs) are a widely used tool in statistical analysis. The main bottleneck of many computational approaches lies in the inversion of the high dimensional precision matrices associated with the random…

Computation · Statistics 2025-10-08 Andrea Pandolfi , Omiros Papaspiliopoulos , Giacomo Zanella

We present an iterative method to diagonalise large matrices. The basic idea is the same as the conjugated gradient (CG) method, i.e, minimizing the Rayleigh quotient via its gradient and avoiding reintroduce errors to the directions of…

Computational Physics · Physics 2009-11-10 Quanlin Jie , Dunhuan Liu

The conjugate gradient method is a widely used algorithm for the numerical solution of a system of linear equations. It is particularly attractive because it allows one to take advantage of sparse matrices and produces (in case of infinite…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2017-11-27 Sergey Voronin , Christophe Zaroli , Naresh P. Cuntoor

The adaptive $s$-step CG algorithm is a solver for sparse, symmetric positive definite linear systems designed to reduce the synchronization cost per iteration while still achieving a user-specified accuracy requirement. In this work, we…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2019-08-13 Erin C. Carson

Connections of the conjugate gradient (CG) method with other methods in computational mathematics are surveyed, including the connections with the conjugate direction method, the subspace optimization method and the quasi-Newton method BFGS…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2019-12-17 Xuping Zhang , Jiefei Yang , Ziying Liu

Using exact computer arithmetic, it is possible to determine the (exact) solution of a numerical model without rounding error. For such purposes, a corresponding system of equations should be exactly defined, either directly or by…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2019-06-17 J. Dvornik , A. Jaguljnjak Lazarevic , D. Lazarevic , M. Uros

We develop a novel randomized conjugate gradient least squares (RCGLS) method for solving least-squares problems, in which iterative sketching is employed at each step to reduce the dimension and hence the computational cost. In particular,…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-05-26 Yun Zeng , Jian-Feng Cai , Deren Han , Jiaxin Xie

A coarse grid correction (CGC) approach is proposed to enhance the efficiency of the matrix exponential and $\varphi$ matrix function evaluations. The approach is intended for iterative methods computing the matrix-vector products with…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2024-04-23 Mike A. Botchev

In a modern observational study based on healthcare databases, the number of observations and of predictors typically range in the order of $10^5$ ~ $10^6$ and of $10^4$ ~ $10^5$. Despite the large sample size, data rarely provide…

Computation · Statistics 2022-03-30 Akihiko Nishimura , Marc A. Suchard

Solving large-scale linear systems problems is a cornerstone in scientific and industrial computing. Classical iterative solvers face increasing difficulty as the number of unknowns becomes large, while fully quantum linear solvers require…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-14 Shigetora Miyashita , Yoshi-aki Shimada

We propose a gradient-based method for quadratic programming problems with a single linear constraint and bounds on the variables. Inspired by the GPCG algorithm for bound-constrained convex quadratic programming [J.J. Mor\'e and G.…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-02-19 Daniela di Serafino , Gerardo Toraldo , Marco Viola , Jesse Barlow

In this paper, we focus on solving a sequence of linear systems with an identical (or similar) coefficient matrix. For this type of problems, we investigate the subspace correction and deflation methods, which use an auxiliary matrix…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2022-03-17 Takeshi Iwashita , Kota Ikehara , Takeshi Fukaya , Takeshi Mifune

We study the solution of large symmetric positive-definite linear systems in a matrix-free setting with a limited iteration budget. We focus on the preconditioned conjugate gradient (PCG) method with spectral preconditioning. Spectral…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-04-01 Youssef Diouane , Selime Gürol , Oussama Mouhtal , Dominique Orban

The Bayesian conjugate gradient method offers probabilistic solutions to linear systems but suffers from poor calibration, limiting its utility in uncertainty quantification tasks. Recent approaches leveraging postiterations to construct…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-08-13 Niall Vyas , Disha Hegde , Jon Cockayne

The paper studies the solution of stochastic optimization problems in which approximations to the gradient and Hessian are obtained through subsampling. We first consider Newton-like methods that employ these approximations and discuss how…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2016-09-28 Raghu Bollapragada , Richard Byrd , Jorge Nocedal