Related papers: On Crossing Ball Structure in Knot and Link Comple…

We extend the notion of intersection graphs for knots in the theory of finite type invariants to string links. We use our definition to develop weight systems for string links via the adjacency matrix of the intersection graph, and show…

Given a class of objects, a pattern theorem is a powerful result describing their structure. We show that alternating knots exhibit a pattern theorem, and use this result to prove a long-standing conjecture that alternating knots grow rare.…

The knot group is the fundamental group of a knot or link complement. A necessary and sufficient conditions for a group to be realized as the knot group of some link was provided. This result was shown using the closed braid method.…

In this article, we study new methods for constructing uninorms on bounded lattices. First, we present new methods for constructing uninorms on bounded lattices under the additional constraints and prove that some of these constraints are…

It is well known that there exist knots with Seifert surfaces of arbitrarily high genus. In this paper, we show the existence of infinitely many knot exteriors where each of which has longitudinal essential surfaces of any positive genus…

New presentations of a link and a virtual link are introduced and algebraic systems on links and virtual links are constructed respectively. Based on the algebraic systems, Reduction Crossing Algorithms for them are proposed which are used…

In this note, we prove a lower bound for the positive kinkiness of a closed braid which we then use to derive an estimate for the positive kinkiness of a link in terms of its Seifert system. As an application, we show that certain pretzel…

We explore the application of automated reasoning techniques to unknot detection, a classical problem of computational topology. We adopt a two-pronged experimental approach, using a theorem prover to try to establish a positive result…

This article is an English translation of Japanese article "Musubime to Kyokumen", Math. Soc. Japan, Sugaku Vol. 67, No. 4 (2015) 403--423. It surveys a specific area in Knot Theory concerning surfaces in knot exteriors. In version 2, we…

We describe the structure of connected graphs with the minimum and maximum average distance, radius, diameter, betweenness centrality, efficiency and resistance distance, given their order and size. We find tight bounds on these graph…

Complementable operators extend classical matrix decompositions, such as the Schur complement, to the setting of infinite-dimensional Hilbert spaces, thereby broadening their applicability in various mathematical and physical contexts. This…

The state-sum invariants for knots and knotted surfaces defined from quandle cocycles are described using the Kronecker product between cycles represented by colored knot diagrams and a cocycle of a finite quandle used to color the diagram.…

This paper investigates the exotic phenomena exhibited by links of disconnected surfaces with boundary that are properly embedded in the 4-ball. Our main results provide two different constructions of exotic pairs of surface links that are…

We study the problem of finding the minimal (maximal) genus for a surface where a given four-valent graph with fixed opposite edge structure can be embedded into. We find several partial relations and give new reformulations in…

We study the crossing matrix of a braid and introduce a polynomial invariant for braid systems that is invariant under Hurwitz equivalence. As an application to the study of surface braids and surface links, we also define an invariant that…

Various structural properties are developed for non-orientable surfaces in link spaces. The M\"obius band tree is described to represent genus growth of one-sided surfaces in solid tori. The structure of the Tree allows various insights…

We study algorithmic complexity and expressive power of fusion grammars, a novel formalism introduced in [Kreowski, Kuske, and Lye 2017], which extends hyperedge replacement grammars. In the first part of the work, we prove that the…

Dasbach and Lin proved a "volumish theorem" for alternating links. We prove the analogue for alternating link diagrams on surfaces, which provides bounds on the hyperbolic volume of a link in a thickened surface in terms of coefficients of…

Generalizing previous constructions, we present a dual pair of decompositions of the complement of a link L into bipyramids, given any multi-crossing projection of L. When L is hyperbolic, this gives new upper bounds on the volume of L…

If a graph is in bridge position in a 3-manifold so that the graph complement is irreducible and boundary irreducible, we generalize a result of Bachman and Schleimer to prove that the complexity of a surface properly embedded in the…