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Researchers often have to deal with heterogeneous population with mixed regression relationships, increasingly so in the era of data explosion. In such problems, when there are many candidate predictors, it is not only of interest to…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-02-05 Yan Li , Chun Yu , Yize Zhao , Robert H. Aseltine , Weixin Yao , Kun Chen

The availability of a large amount of electronic health records (EHR) provides huge opportunities to improve health care service by mining these data. One important application is clinical endpoint prediction, which aims to predict whether…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-11-20 Luchen Liu , Jianhao Shen , Ming Zhang , Zichang Wang , Jian Tang

This article proposes different tests for treatment effect heterogeneity when the outcome of interest, typically a duration variable, may be right-censored. The proposed tests study whether a policy 1) has zero distributional (average)…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-02-19 Pedro H. C. Sant'Anna

There is a growing need for flexible general frameworks that integrate individual-level data with external summary information for improved statistical inference. External information relevant for a risk prediction model may come in…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-04-11 Tian Gu , Jeremy M. G. Taylor , Bhramar Mukherjee

Statistical inference of heterogeneous treatment effects (HTEs) across predefined subgroups is challenging when units interact because treatment effects may vary by pre-treatment variables, post-treatment exposure variables (that measure…

Econometrics · Economics 2024-10-02 Julius Owusu

Estimating the effect of medical treatments on subject responses is one of the crucial problems in medical research. Matched-pairs designs are commonly implemented in the field of medical research to eliminate confounding and improve…

Methodology · Statistics 2017-11-08 Jun Wang , Wei Gao , Man-Lai Tang

Next-generation sequencing technologies now constitute a method of choice to measure gene expression. Data to analyze are read counts, commonly modeled using Negative Binomial distributions. A relevant issue associated with this…

Methodology · Statistics 2014-11-10 Elisabetta Bonafede , Franck Picard , Stéphane Robin , Cinzia Viroli

One size fits all approaches to medicine have become a thing of the past as the understanding of individual differences grows. The paper introduces a test for the presence of heterogeneity in treatment effects in a clinical trial.…

Mathematical models are increasing adopted for setting targets for disease prevention and control. As model-informed policies are implemented, however, the inaccuracies of some forecasts become apparent, for example overprediction of…

Understanding the factors that trigger or prevent undesirable health outcomes across patient subpopulations is essential for designing targeted interventions. While randomized controlled trials and expert-led patient interviews are standard…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Shishir Adhikari , Guido Muscioni , Mark Shapiro , Plamen Petrov , Elena Zheleva

Collecting genomics data across multiple heterogeneous populations (e.g., across different cancer types) has the potential to improve our understanding of disease. Despite sequencing advances, though, resources often remain a constraint…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-03-05 Yunyi Shen , Lorenzo Masoero , Joshua G. Schraiber , Tamara Broderick

Cell heterogeneity plays an important role in patient responses to drug treatments. In many cancers, it is associated with poor treatment outcomes. Many modern drug combination therapies aim to exploit cell heterogeneity, but determining…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2025-02-18 Simon F. Martina-Perez , Samuel W. S. Johnson , Rebecca M. Crossley , Jennifer C. Kasemeier , Paul M. Kulesa , Ruth E. Baker

Estimation of heterogeneous treatment effects is an active area of research. Most of the existing methods, however, focus on estimating the conditional average treatment effects of a single, binary treatment given a set of pre-treatment…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-05-30 Max Goplerud , Kosuke Imai , Nicole E. Pashley

Heterogeneity is a hallmark of all cancers. Tumor heterogeneity is found at different levels -- interpatient, intrapatient, and intratumor heterogeneity. All of them pose challenges for clinical treatments. The latter two scenarios can also…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2020-04-03 Xin Li , D. Thirumalai

High-dimensional tests are applied to find relevant sets of variables and relevant models. If variables are selected by analyzing the sums of products matrices and a corresponding mean-value test is performed, there is the danger that the…

Methodology · Statistics 2012-02-10 Juergen Laeuter , Maciej Rosolowski , Ekkehard Glimm

Due to the complexity of the human body, most diseases present a high inter-personal variability in the way they manifest, i.e. in their phenotype, which has important clinical repercussions - as for instance the difficulty in defining…

Physics and Society · Physics 2018-06-06 Massimiliano Zanin , Juan Manuel Tuñas , Ernestina Menasalvas

One fundamental statistical question for research areas such as precision medicine and health disparity is about discovering effect modification of treatment or exposure by observed covariates. We propose a semiparametric framework for…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-08-04 Muxuan Liang , Menggang Yu

The assessment of imaging biomarkers is critical for advancing precision medicine and improving disease characterization. Despite the availability of methods to derive disease heterogeneity metrics in imaging studies, a robust framework for…

Developing tools for estimating heterogeneous treatment effects (HTE) and individualized treatment effects has been an area of active research in recent years. While these tools have proven to be useful in many contexts, a concern when…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-03-07 Mahsa Ashouri , Nicholas C. Henderson

Many studies include a goal of determining whether there is treatment effect heterogeneity across different subpopulations. In this paper, we propose a U-statistic-based non-parametric test of the null hypothesis that the treatment effects…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-12-08 Maozhu Dai , Hal S. Stern