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Quantum annealing is a framework for solving combinatorial optimization problems. While it offers a promising path towards a practical application of quantum hardware, its performance in real-world devices is severely limited by…

Quantum computers have now surpassed classical simulation limits, yet noise continues to limit their practical utility. As the field shifts from proof-of-principle demonstrations to early deployments, there is no standard method for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-29 J. A. Montanez-Barrera , Kristel Michielsen , David E. Bernal Neira

We describe an efficient and scalable framework for modeling crosstalk effects on quantum information processors. By applying optimal control techniques, we show how to tuneup arbitrary high-fidelity parallel operations on systems with…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-06-16 Adam Winick , Joel J. Wallman , Joseph Emerson

The readout error on near-term quantum devices is one of the dominant noise factors, which can be mitigated by classical postprocessing called quantum readout error mitigation (QREM). The standard QREM applies the inverse of noise…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-16 Bo Yang , Rudy Raymond , Shumpei Uno

Maximum cut (Max-Cut) problem is one of the most important combinatorial optimization problems because of its various applications in real life, and recently Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) has been widely employed to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-07-31 Yiren Lu , Guojing Tian , Xiaoming Sun

The present tutorial aims to provide a comprehensible and easily accessible introduction into the theory and implementation of the famous Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA). We lay our focus on practical aspects and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-01-24 Andreas Sturm

As quantum devices make steady progress towards intermediate scale and fault-tolerant quantum computing, it is essential to develop rigorous and efficient measurement protocols that account for known sources of noise. Most existing quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-01-22 M. J. Gullans , M. Caranti , A. R. Mills , J. R. Petta

Quantum systems are inherently susceptible to noise -- a notorious factor that induces decoherence and limits the performance of quantum applications. To mitigate its detrimental effects, various techniques have been developed, including…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-21 Yu-Bo Hou , Xiaoan Ai , Ruizhe You , Changchun Zhong

The Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) was originally developed to solve combinatorial optimization problems, but has become a standard for assessing the performance of quantum computers. Fully descriptive benchmarking…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-02-29 Anthony M. Polloreno , Graeme Smith

Recent advances in quantum technologies pave the way for noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) devices, where quantum approximation optimization algorithms (QAOAs) constitute promising candidates for demonstrating tangible quantum…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-07-13 Jingjing Cui , Yifeng Xiong , Soon Xin Ng , Lajos Hanzo

The quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA) is a leading candidate algorithm for solving optimization problems on quantum computers. However, the potential of QAOA to tackle classically intractable problems remains unclear. Here,…

Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) provides a way to solve combinatorial optimization problems using quantum computers. QAOA circuits consist of time evolution operators by the cost Hamiltonian and of state mixing operators,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-05-02 Ryo Sakai , Hiromichi Matsuyama , Wai-Hong Tam , Yu Yamashiro , Keisuke Fujii

Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) and Quantum Annealing are prominent approaches for solving combinatorial optimization problems, such as those formulated as Quadratic Unconstrained Binary Optimization (QUBO). These…

The increasing scale of near-term quantum hardware motivates the need for efficient noise characterization methods, since qubit and gate level techniques cannot capture crosstalk and correlated noise in many qubit systems. While scalable…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-04-21 Yunchao Liu , Matthew Otten , Roozbeh Bassirianjahromi , Liang Jiang , Bill Fefferman

The quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA) conceived for solving combinatorial optimization problems has attracted significant interest since it can be run on the existing noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) devices. A…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-04-12 Jingjing Cui , Gui Lu Long , Lajos Hanzo

The ability of the Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) to deliver a quantum advantage on combinatorial optimization problems is still unclear. Recently, a scaling advantage over a classical solver was postulated to exist for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-12-02 Thorge Müller , Ajainderpal Singh , Frank K. Wilhelm , Tim Bode

The Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) is one of the most promising Noisy Intermediate Quantum Algorithms (NISQ) in solving combinatorial optimizations and displays potential over classical heuristic techniques.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-01-18 Arul Rhik Mazumder , Anuvab Sen , Udayon Sen

Solving optimization tasks using variational quantum algorithms has emerged as a crucial application of the current noisy intermediate-scale quantum devices. However, these algorithms face several difficulties like finding suitable ansatz…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-06-22 Pranav Chandarana , Pablo S. Vieites , Narendra N. Hegade , Enrique Solano , Yue Ban , Xi Chen

The Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) is expected to offer advantages over classical approaches when solving combinatorial optimization problems in the Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) era. In its standard…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-06 Arkadiusz Wołk , Karol Capała , Katarzyna Rycerz

Hardware errors are a major obstacle to demonstrating quantum advantage with the quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA). Recently, symmetry verification has been proposed and empirically demonstrated to boost the quantum state…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-03-20 Ashish Kakkar , Jeffrey Larson , Alexey Galda , Ruslan Shaydulin
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