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We present SimpleQA, a benchmark that evaluates the ability of language models to answer short, fact-seeking questions. We prioritized two properties in designing this eval. First, SimpleQA is challenging, as it is adversarially collected…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-08 Jason Wei , Nguyen Karina , Hyung Won Chung , Yunxin Joy Jiao , Spencer Papay , Amelia Glaese , John Schulman , William Fedus

Question answering (QA) systems are among the most important and rapidly developing research topics in natural language processing (NLP). A reason, therefore, is that a QA system allows humans to interact more naturally with a machine,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-09-27 Amer Farea , Zhen Yang , Kien Duong , Nadeesha Perera , Frank Emmert-Streib

A major challenge to the problem of community question answering is the lexical and semantic gap between the sentence representations. Some solutions to minimize this gap includes the introduction of extra parameters to deep models or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-01-23 Gaurav Bhatt , Shivam Sharma , Balasubramanian Raman

Large Language Models (LMs) have achieved state-of-the-art performance on many Natural Language Processing (NLP) benchmarks. With the growing number of new benchmarks, we build bigger and more complex LMs. However, building new LMs may not…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-28 Pruthvi Patel , Swaroop Mishra , Mihir Parmar , Chitta Baral

Speech-based open-domain question answering (QA over a large corpus of text passages with spoken questions) has emerged as an important task due to the increasing number of users interacting with QA systems via speech interfaces. Passage…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-23 Georgios Sidiropoulos , Evangelos Kanoulas

Question Answering (QA) research is a significant and challenging task in Natural Language Processing. QA aims to extract an exact answer from a relevant text snippet or a document. The motivation behind QA research is the need of user who…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2018-10-10 Lokesh Kumar Sharma , Namita Mittal

The ability of intelligent agents to play games in human-like fashion is popularly considered a benchmark of progress in Artificial Intelligence. Similarly, performance on multi-disciplinary tasks such as Visual Question Answering (VQA) is…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-01-30 Ravi Kiran Sarvadevabhatla , Shiv Surya , Trisha Mittal , Venkatesh Babu Radhakrishnan

Any system which performs goal-directed continual learning must not only learn incrementally but process and absorb information incrementally. Such a system also has to understand when its goals have been achieved. In this paper, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-01-16 Samira Abnar , Tania Bedrax-weiss , Tom Kwiatkowski , William W. Cohen

In a spoken multiple-choice question answering (SMCQA) task, given a passage, a question, and multiple choices all in the form of speech, the machine needs to pick the correct choice to answer the question. While the audio could contain…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-05-26 Chia-Chih Kuo , Shang-Bao Luo , Kuan-Yu Chen

As language models are adopted by a more sophisticated and diverse set of users, the importance of guaranteeing that they provide factually correct information supported by verifiable sources is critical across fields of study. This is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-03 Chaitanya Malaviya , Subin Lee , Sihao Chen , Elizabeth Sieber , Mark Yatskar , Dan Roth

Knowledge Base Question Answering (KBQA) challenges models to bridge the gap between natural language and strict knowledge graph schemas by generating executable logical forms. While Large Language Models (LLMs) have advanced this field,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-12 Xin Sun , Zhongqi Chen , Xing Zheng , Qiang Liu , Shu Wu , Bowen Song , Zilei Wang , Weiqiang Wang , Liang Wang

Question answering (QA) is the task of answering questions posed in natural language with free-form natural language answers extracted from a given passage. In the OpenQA variant, only a question text is given, and the system must retrieve…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-21 Emrah Budur , Rıza Özçelik , Dilara Soylu , Omar Khattab , Tunga Güngör , Christopher Potts

Unsupervised commonsense question answering is appealing since it does not rely on any labeled task data. Among existing work, a popular solution is to use pre-trained language models to score candidate choices directly conditioned on the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-01 Yilin Niu , Fei Huang , Jiaming Liang , Wenkai Chen , Xiaoyan Zhu , Minlie Huang

Question-answering (QA) models have advanced significantly in machine reading comprehension but often exhibit biases that hinder their performance, particularly with complex queries in adversarial conditions. This study evaluates the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Yuefeng Wang , ChangJae Lee

Current textual question answering models achieve strong performance on in-domain test sets, but often do so by fitting surface-level patterns in the data, so they fail to generalize to out-of-distribution settings. To make a more robust…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-04-21 Jifan Chen , Greg Durrett

In recent advancements in spoken question answering (QA), end-to-end models have made significant strides. However, previous research has primarily focused on extractive span selection. While this extractive-based approach is effective when…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Min-Han Shih , Ho-Lam Chung , Yu-Chi Pai , Ming-Hao Hsu , Guan-Ting Lin , Shang-Wen Li , Hung-yi Lee

The task of Question Answering has gained prominence in the past few decades for testing the ability of machines to understand natural language. Large datasets for Machine Reading have led to the development of neural models that cater to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-06-20 Soumya Wadhwa , Khyathi Raghavi Chandu , Eric Nyberg

Question answering (QA) is a high-level ability of natural language processing. Most extractive ma-chine reading comprehension models focus on factoid questions (e.g., who, when, where) and restrict the output answer as a short and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-10-25 Peng Cui , Dongyao Hu , Le Hu

Question answering (QA) extracting answers from text to the given question in natural language, has been actively studied and existing models have shown a promise of outperforming human performance when trained and evaluated with SQuAD…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-12-04 Gyeongbok Lee , Sungdong Kim , Seung-won Hwang

Pre-trained language models have been widely exploited to learn dense representations of documents and queries for information retrieval. While previous efforts have primarily focused on improving effectiveness and user satisfaction,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-05-01 Cristina Ioana Muntean , Franco Maria Nardini , Raffaele Perego , Guido Rocchietti , Cosimo Rulli
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