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Formal guarantees for cyber-physical systems (CPS) rely on diverse assumptions. If satisfied, these assumptions enable the transfer of abstract guarantees into real-world assurances about the deployed CPS. Although assumptions are central…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-21 Chengyu Li , Saleh Faghfoorian , Ivan Ruchkin

Cyber-Physical Systems (CPSs) are often safety-critical and deployed in uncertain environments. Identifying scenarios where CPSs do not comply with requirements is fundamental but difficult due to the multidisciplinary nature of CPSs. We…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-08-20 Claudio Mandrioli , Seung Yeob Shin , Martina Maggio , Domenico Bianculli , Lionel Briand

Many complex cyber-physical systems can be modeled as heterogeneous components interacting with each other in real-time. We assume that the correctness of each component can be specified as a requirement satisfied by the output signals…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-05-19 Sara Mohammadinejad , Jyotirmoy V. Deshmukh , Aniruddh G. Puranic

Several sources of uncertainty have to be taken into account in the analysis and design of CPS. The set of parameters used in the model of the physical plant of a CPS may be uncertain due, for example, to manufacturing processes that are…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-08-02 Alessandro Pinto

Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) continuously interact with their physical environments through software controllers that observe the environments and determine actions. Engineers can verify to what extent the CPS under analysis can achieve…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-04-15 Yong-Jun Shin , Donghwan Shin , Doo-Hwan Bae

Pre-deployment verification of software components with respect to behavioral specifications in the assume-guarantee form does not, in general, guarantee absence of errors at run time. This is because assumptions about the environment…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2016-06-03 Oleg Sokolsky , Teng Zhang , Insup Lee , Michael McDougall

Ensuring the safety and efficacy of Cyber-Physical Systems (CPSs) is challenging due to the large variability of their operating environment. Model checking has been proposed for validation of CPSs, but the models of the environment are…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2021-05-05 Guangyao Chen , Zhihao Jiang

We use the machinery of a conditional probability space (R\'enyi, 1955) to obtain an Agreement Theorem (Aumann, 1976) under general conditions. A conditional probability space (CPS) is a family of probability measures defined relative to a…

Probability · Mathematics 2026-05-29 Erya Yang , Adam Brandenburger

In this paper, we propose conformal inference based approach for statistical verification of CPS models. Cyber-physical systems (CPS) such as autonomous vehicles, avionic systems, and medical devices operate in highly uncertain…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-07-16 Chuchu Fan , Xin Qin , Yuan Xia , Aditya Zutshi , Jyotirmoy Deshmukh

Controller synthesis is the process of constructing a correct system automatically from its specification. This often requires assumptions about the behaviour of the environment. It is difficult for the designer to identify the assumptions…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2016-04-13 Romain Brenguier

The synthesis problem asks to construct a reactive finite-state system from an $\omega$-regular specification. Initial specifications are often unrealizable, which means that there is no system that implements the specification. A common…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2008-12-18 Krishnendu Chatterjee , Thomas A. Henzinger , Barbara Jobstmann

Cyber-Physical Systems (CPSs) software is used to enforce desired behaviours on physical systems. To test the interaction between the CPS software and the system's physics, engineers provide traces of desired physical states and observe…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-05-01 Claudio Mandrioli , Seung Yeob Shin , Domenico Bianculli , Lionel Briand

Cyber-physical space systems are engineered systems operating within physical space with design requirements that depend on space, e.g., regarding location or movement behavior. They are built from and depend upon the seamless integration…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-07-15 Nianyu Li , Christos Tsigkanos , Zhi Jin , Zhenjiang Hu , Carlo Ghezzi

Optimizing CPS behavior in terms of energy consumption can have a significant impact on system reliability. The environment influences the system's behavior, and neglecting the environmental behavior has an indirect negative impact on…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-09-06 Reza Soltani , Eun-Young Kang , Juan Esteban Heredia Mena

Consumer grade cyber-physical systems (CPS) are becoming an integral part of our life, automatizing and simplifying everyday tasks. Indeed, due to complex interactions between hardware, networking and software, developing and testing such…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-03-24 Dmytro Humeniuk , Giuliano Antoniol , Foutse Khomh

Principles of modern cyber-physical system (CPS) analysis are based on analytical methods that depend on whether safety or liveness requirements are considered. Complexity is abstracted through different techniques, ranging from stochastic…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2019-09-02 Eric M. S. P. Veith , Lars Fischer , Martin Tröschel , Astrid Nieße

Cyber-physical systems (CPS) are assemblies of networked, heterogeneous, hardware, and software components sensing, evaluating, and actuating a physical environment. This heterogeneity induces complexity that makes CPSs challenging to model…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2021-09-01 Stéphane Kastenbaum , Benoît Boyer , Jean-Pierre Talpin

We are motivated by the problem of learning policies for robotic systems with rich sensory inputs (e.g., vision) in a manner that allows us to guarantee generalization to environments unseen during training. We provide a framework for…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-07-25 Abhinav Agarwal , Sushant Veer , Allen Z. Ren , Anirudha Majumdar

Cyber-physical systems (CPSs) embed software into the physical world. They appear in a wide range of applications such as smart grids, robotics, intelligent manufacture and medical monitoring. CPSs have proved resistant to modeling due to…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2019-10-28 Ye Yuan , Xiuchuan Tang , Wei Pan , Xiuting Li , Wei Zhou , Hai-Tao Zhang , Han Ding , Jorge Goncalves

Real-world Cyber-Physical Systems (CPSs) are usually configurable. Through parameters, it is possible to configure, select or unselect different system functionalities. While this provides high flexibility, it also becomes a source for…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-08-15 Pablo Valle , Aitor Arrieta , Maite Arratibel
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