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Optimal transport is a framework that facilitates the most efficient allocation of a limited amount of resources. However, the most efficient allocation scheme does not necessarily preserve the most fairness. In this paper, we establish a…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-04-01 Jason Hughes , Juntao Chen

Optimal transport (OT) distances are increasingly used as loss functions for statistical inference, notably in the learning of generative models or supervised learning. Yet, the behavior of minimum Wasserstein estimators is poorly…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2021-07-20 Tianyi Lin , Zeyu Zheng , Elynn Y. Chen , Marco Cuturi , Michael I. Jordan

We demonstrate the effectiveness of one of the many multi-tracer analyses enabled by Optimal Transport (OT) reconstruction. Leveraging a semi-discrete OT algorithm, we determine the displacements between initial and observed positions of…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2024-03-19 Farnik Nikakhtar , Ravi K. Sheth , Nikhil Padmanabhan , Bruno Lévy , Roya Mohayaee

Systematics contaminate observables, leading to distribution shifts relative to theoretically simulated signals-posing a major challenge for using pre-trained models to label such observables. Since systematics are often poorly understood…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2025-11-18 Sultan Hassan , Sambatra Andrianomena , Benjamin D. Wandelt

Optimal transport has become part of the standard quantitative economics toolbox. It is the framework of choice to describe models of matching with transfers, but beyond that, it allows to: extend quantile regression; identify discrete…

General Economics · Economics 2021-07-13 Alfred Galichon

Comparing time series in a principled manner requires capturing both temporal alignment and distributional similarity of features. Optimal transport (OT) has recently emerged as a powerful tool for this task, but existing OT-based…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-12-29 Thai P. D. Nguyen , Hong T. M. Chu , Kim-Chuan Toh

Motivated by robust dynamic resource allocation in operations research, we study the \textit{Online Learning to Transport} (OLT) problem where the decision variable is a probability measure, an infinite-dimensional object. We draw…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-21 Wenxuan Guo , YoonHaeng Hur , Tengyuan Liang , Christopher Ryan

Recently, Optimal Transport has been proposed as a probabilistic framework in Machine Learning for comparing and manipulating probability distributions. This is rooted in its rich history and theory, and has offered new solutions to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-22 Eduardo Fernandes Montesuma , Fred Ngolè Mboula , Antoine Souloumiac

Mini-batch algorithms have been proposed as a way to speed-up stochastic convex optimization problems. We study how such algorithms can be improved using accelerated gradient methods. We provide a novel analysis, which shows how standard…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2011-06-24 Andrew Cotter , Ohad Shamir , Nathan Srebro , Karthik Sridharan

The goal of optimal transport (OT) is to find optimal assignments or matchings between data sets which minimize the total cost for a given cost function. However, sometimes the cost function is unknown but we have access to (parts of) the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-05-28 Alberto González-Sanz , Michel Groppe , Axel Munk

An efficient method for computing solutions to the Optimal Transportation (OT) problem with a wide class of cost functions is presented. The standard linear programming (LP) discretization of the continuous problem becomes intractible for…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2015-09-15 Adam M. Oberman , Yuanlong Ruan

We consider the fundamental problem in non-convex optimization of efficiently reaching a stationary point. In contrast to the convex case, in the long history of this basic problem, the only known theoretical results on first-order…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2016-08-26 Zeyuan Allen-Zhu , Elad Hazan

The notion of task similarity is at the core of various machine learning paradigms, such as domain adaptation and meta-learning. Current methods to quantify it are often heuristic, make strong assumptions on the label sets across the tasks,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-10 David Alvarez-Melis , Nicolò Fusi

Out-of-distribution (OOD) data poses serious challenges in deployed machine learning models as even subtle changes could incur significant performance drops. Being able to estimate a model's performance on test data is important in practice…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-13 Yuzhe Lu , Zhenlin Wang , Runtian Zhai , Soheil Kolouri , Joseph Campbell , Katia Sycara

The estimation of origin-destination (OD) matrices is a crucial aspect of Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS). It involves adjusting an initial OD matrix by regressing the current observations like traffic counts of road sections (e.g.,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-10-10 Zheli Xiong , Defu Lian , Enhong Chen , Gang Chen , Xiaomin Cheng

We propose a scalable, distributed algorithm for the optimal transport of large-scale multi-agent systems. We formulate the problem as one of steering the collective towards a target probability measure while minimizing the total cost of…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-09-10 Vishaal Krishnan , Sonia Martínez

To remedy the drawbacks of full-mass or fixed-mass constraints in classical optimal transport, we propose adaptive optimal transport which is distinctive from the classical optimal transport in its ability of adaptive-mass preserving. It…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-10 Pei Yang , Qi Tan , Guihua Wen

Selecting prototypical examples from a source distribution to represent a target data distribution is a fundamental problem in machine learning. Existing subset selection methods often rely on implicit importance scores, which can be skewed…

Computing optimal transport (OT) for general high-dimensional data has been a long-standing challenge. Despite much progress, most of the efforts including neural network methods have been focused on the static formulation of the OT…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-03-12 Chen Xu , Xiuyuan Cheng , Yao Xie

Learning conditional distributions $\pi^*(\cdot|x)$ is a central problem in machine learning, which is typically approached via supervised methods with paired data $(x,y) \sim \pi^*$. However, acquiring paired data samples is often…