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In this paper, we investigate certain graphs defined on groups, with a focus on infinite groups. The graphs discussed are the power graph, the enhanced power graph, and the commuting graph whose vertex set is a group $G$. The power graph is…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2024-10-15 Surbhi , Geetha Venkataraman

The co-maximal subgroup graph $\Gamma(G)$ of a group $G$ is a graph whose vertices are non-trivial proper subgroups of $G$ and two vertices $H$ and $K$ are adjacent if $HK=G$. In this paper, we continue the study of $\Gamma(G)$, especially…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2023-10-20 Angsuman Das , Manideepa Saha , Saba Al-Kaseasbeh

For a simple graph $G$, the $2$-distance graph, $D_2(G)$, is a graph with the vertex set $V(G)$ and two vertices are adjacent if and only if their distance is $2$ in the graph $G$. In this paper, we characterize all graphs with connected…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-07-04 S. H. Jafari , S. R. Musawi

The spectrum of a graph $G$ is the set of the eigenvalues of its adjacency matrix. It turns out that one can say a lot about a graph with the only knowledge being the spectrum of this graph. In this paper we obtain new results about the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-10-09 M. Koshelev , A. Raigorodskii

In this paper we completely characterize the graphs which have an edge weighted adjacency matrix belonging to the class of $n \times n$ involutions with spectrum equal to $\{ \lambda_1^{n-2}, \lambda_2^{2} \}$ for some $\lambda_1$ and some…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-04-17 Karen Meagher , Irene Sciriha

Let $G$ be a connected graph. The edge-connectivity of $G$, denoted by $\lambda(G)$, is the minimum number of edges whose removal renders $G$ disconnected. Let $\delta(G)$ be the minimum degree of $G$. It is well-known that $\lambda(G) \leq…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-08-20 Camino Balbuena , Peter Dankelmann

Let $S, K$ be two subrings of a finite ring $R$. Then the generalized non-commuting graph of subrings $S, K$ of $R$, denoted by $\Gamma_{S, K}$, is a simple graph whose vertex set is $(S \cup K) \setminus (C_K(S) \cup C_S(K))$ and two…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2016-04-14 Jutirekha Dutta , Dhiren Kumar Basnet , Rajat Kanti Nath

A graph is cubical if it is a subgraph of a hypercube. For a cubical graph $H$ and a hypercube $Q_n$, $ex(Q_n, H)$ is the largest number of edges in an $H$-free subgraph of $Q_n$. If $ex(Q_n, H)$ is equal to a positive proportion of the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-05-21 Maria Axenovich , Ryan R. Martin , Christian Winter

Let $S$ be a subring of a finite ring $R$ and $C_R(S) = \{r \in R : rs = sr \;\forall\; s \in S\}$. The relative non-commuting graph of the subring $S$ in $R$, denoted by $\Gamma_{S, R}$, is a simple undirected graph whose vertex set is $R…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2017-05-08 Jutirekha Dutta , Dhiren Kumar Basnet

A group $G$ of permutations of a set $\Omega$ is {\em primitive} if it acts transitively on $\Omega$, and the only $G$-invariant equivalence relations on $\Omega$ are the trivial and universal relations. A graph $\Gamma$ is {\em primitive}…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2013-02-19 Simon Smith

Let $\Gamma$ denote a $Q$-polynomial distance-regular graph with diameter $D$ and valency $k \ge 3$. In [Homotopy in $Q$-polynomial distance-regular graphs, Discrete Math., {\bf 223} (2000), 189-206], H. Lewis showed that the girth of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-01-27 Štefko Miklavič

With the aid of hypergraph transversals it is proved that $\gamma_t(Q_{n+1}) = 2\gamma(Q_n)$, where $\gamma_t(G)$ and $\gamma(G)$ denote the total domination number and the domination number of $G$, respectively, and $Q_n$ is the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-06-28 Jernej Azarija , Michael A. Henning , Sandi Klavžar

Let $\Gamma$ denote an undirected, connected, regular graph with vertex set $X$, adjacency matrix $A$, and ${d+1}$ distinct eigenvalues. Let ${\mathcal A}={\mathcal A}(\Gamma)$ denote the subalgebra of Mat$_X({\mathbb C})$ generated by $A$.…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-09-14 M. A. Fiol , Safet Penjić

Let $H(n, q^2)$ be a non-degenerate Hermitian variety of $PG(n, q^2)$, $n \ge 2$. Let NU$(n+1, q^2)$ be the graph whose vertices are the points of $PG(n, q^2) \setminus H(n, q^2)$ and two vertices $P_1$, $P_2$ are adjacent if the line…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-06-16 Ferdinand Ihringer , Francesco Pavese , Valentino Smaldore

A graph $G$ is said to be $\preceq$-ubiquitous, where $\preceq$ is the minor relation between graphs, if whenever $\Gamma$ is a graph with $nG \preceq \Gamma$ for all $n \in \mathbb{N}$, then one also has $\aleph_0 G \preceq \Gamma$, where…

A connected graph of order $n$ admitting a semiregular automorphism of order $n/k$ is called a $k$-multicirculant. Highly symmetric multicirculants of small valency have been extensively studied, and several classification results exist for…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-08-15 Primož Potočnik , Micael Toledo

We consider hypercubes with pairwise disjoint faulty edges. An $n$-dimensional hypercube $Q_n$ is an undirected graph with $2^n$ nodes, each labeled with a distinct binary strings of length $n$. The parity of the vertex is 0 if the number…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2021-06-28 Janusz Dybizbański , Andrzej Szepietowski

A quantum graph $\mathcal{G}$ housed by a matrix algebra $M_n$ can be encoded as an operator system $\mathcal S=\mathcal{S}_{\mathcal{G}}\le M_n$. There are two sensible notions of quantum automorphism group for any such:…

Quantum Algebra · Mathematics 2025-11-18 Alexandru Chirvasitu , Piotr M. Sołtan , Mateusz Wasilewski

Chung, Graham, and Wilson proved that a graph is quasirandom if and only if there is a large gap between its first and second largest eigenvalue. Recently, the authors extended this characterization to k-uniform hypergraphs, but only for…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2014-09-25 John Lenz , Dhruv Mubayi

We give a general construction leading to different non-isomorphic families $\Gamma_{n,q}(\K)$ of connected $q$-regular semisymmetric graphs of order $2q^{n+1}$ embedded in $\PG(n+1,q)$, for a prime power $q=p^h$, using the linear…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2013-01-10 Philippe Cara , Sara Rottey , Geertrui Van de Voorde