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To understand better the early galactic production of Li, Be, and B by cosmic ray spallation and fusion reactions, the dependence of these production rates on cosmic ray models and model parameters is examined. The sensitivity of elemental…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-09-25 Brian Fields , Keith Olive , David Schramm

The measured fluxes of secondary particles produced by the interactions of Cosmic Rays (CRs) with the astronomical environment play a crucial role in understanding the physics of CR transport. In this work we present a comprehensive…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2017-03-06 M. N. Mazziotta , F. Cerutti , A. Ferrari , D. Gaggero , F. Loparco , P. R. Sala

Accurate evaluation of production cross sections of light elements is important for models of CR propagation, galactic chemical evolution, and cosmological studies. However, experimental spallation cross section data are scarce and often…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 I. V. Moskalenko , S. G. Mashnik

The standard model of cosmic ray propagation has been very successful in explaining all kinds of the Galactic cosmic ray spectra. However, high precision measurement recently revealed the appreciable discrepancy between data and model…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2017-02-22 Y. Q. Guo , H. B. Hu , Z. Tian

Cosmic-ray physics in the GeV-to-TeV energy range has entered a precision era thanks to recent data from space-based experiments. However, the poor knowledge of nuclear reactions, in particular for the production of antimatter and secondary…

The ratio between secondary and primary cosmic ray particles is the main source of information about cosmic ray propagation in the Galaxy. Primary cosmic rays are thought to be accelerated mainly in Supernova Remnant (SNR) shocks and then…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2019-07-10 Virginia Bresci , Elena Amato , Pasquale Blasi , Giovanni Morlino

We report results from a 2018 pilot run to study the feasibility of nuclear fragmentation measurements with the NA61/SHINE experiment at the CERN SPS. These results are important for the interpretation of the production of light secondary…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2024-10-25 SHINE Collaboration

Cosmic-ray antiprotons are a remarkable diagnostic tool for the study of astroparticle physics' processes in our Galaxy. While the bulk of measured antiprotons is consistent with a secondary origin, several studies have found evidence for a…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2021-08-02 Jan Heisig , Michael Korsmeier , Martin Wolfgang Winkler

Recent balloon-borne and satellite experiments have established new features in the behavior of the spectra of cosmic rays. An analysis of all the data showed that hardening of most abundant primary cosmic ray nuclei spectra with increasing…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2019-05-17 A A Lagutin , N V Volkov , R I Raikin , A G Tyumentsev

Measurements of cosmic-ray (CR) positron fraction by PAMELA and other experiments have found an excess above 10 GeV relative to the standard predictions for secondary production in the interstellar medium (ISM). Although the excess has been…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2020-06-03 Zhi-Qiu Huang , Ruo-Yu Liu , Jagdish C. Joshi , Xiang-Yu Wang

We perform a comprehensive analysis of cosmic-ray propagation using the time-dependent AMS-02 flux measurements covering a full solar cycle, with particular emphasis on the role of solar modulation. We fit two representative Galactic…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-02-23 Isabelle John , Alessandro Cuoco , Mattia Di Mauro

In this work we use the newly reported Boron-to-Carbon ratio (B/C) from AMS-02 and the time-dependent proton fluxes from PAMELA and AMS-02 to constrain the source and propagation parameters of cosmic rays in the Milky Way. A linear…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2017-05-03 Qiang Yuan , Su-Jie Lin , Kun Fang , Xiao-Jun Bi

The challenges in neutrino-nucleus cross section modeling and its impact on neutrino oscillation experiments are widely recognized. However, a comprehensive and theoretically robust estimation of cross section uncertainties has been…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2025-02-28 Nina M. Coyle , Shirley Weishi Li , Pedro A. N. Machado

The cosmic-ray positron flux calculated using the cosmic-ray nuclei interactions in our Galaxy cannot explain observed data above 10 GeV. An excess in the measured positron flux is therefore open to interpretation. Nearby pulsars, located…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2017-10-04 Jagdish C. Joshi , Soebur Razzaque

Deuterons are the most abundant secondary cosmic ray species in the Galaxy, but their study has been severely limited due to experimental challenges. In an era with new experiments and high-precision measurements in cosmic rays, having a…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-07-28 Diego Mauricio Gomez-Coral , Cory Gerrity , Riccardo Munini , Philip von Doetinchem

We present an updated calculation of the uncertainties on the atmospheric muon-neutrino flux arising from cosmic-ray primaries. For the first time, we include recent measurements of the cosmic-ray primaries collected since 2005. We apply a…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2017-02-08 Justin Evans , Diego Garcia Gamez , Salvatore Davide Porzio , Stefan Söldner-Rembold , Steven Wren

Recent measurements of the cosmic ray (CR) antiproton flux have been shown to challenge existing CR propagation models. It was shown that the reacceleration models designed to match secondary to primary nuclei ratios (e.g., boron/carbon)…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-07 I. V. Moskalenko , A. W. Strong , S. G. Mashnik , J. F. Ormes

The interpretation of high-precision cosmic ray spectra is fundamentally bottlenecked by uncertainties in fragmentation cross-sections. Traditional kinematic models, driven by phase-space expansions, typically predict complex,…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2026-03-31 Yi Yang

We present a novel determination of the astrophysical uncertainties associated to the secondary antiproton flux originating from cosmic-ray spallation on the interstellar gas. We select a set of propagation models compatible with the recent…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2016-02-04 Carmelo Evoli , Daniele Gaggero , Dario Grasso

The latest generation of cosmic-ray direct detection experiments is providing a wealth of high-precision data, stimulating a very rich and active debate in the community on the related strong discovery and constraining potentials on many…