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The social acceptance of AI agents, including intelligent virtual agents and physical robots, is becoming more important for the integration of AI into human society. Although the agents used in human society share various tasks with…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Takahiro Tsumura , Seiji Yamada

We introduce the concept of "empathic grounding" in conversational agents as an extension of Clark's conceptualization of grounding in conversation in which the grounding criterion includes listener empathy for the speaker's affective…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-07-03 Mehdi Arjmand , Farnaz Nouraei , Ian Steenstra , Timothy Bickmore

Driven by ongoing improvements in machine learning, chatbots have increasingly grown from experimental interface prototypes to reliable and robust tools for process automation. Building on these advances, companies have identified various…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-02-02 Alessandro Casadei , Stephan Schlögl , Markus Bergmann

Conversation agents, commonly referred to as chatbots, are increasingly deployed in many domains to allow people to have a natural interaction while trying to solve a specific problem. Given their widespread use, it is important to provide…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2020-10-13 Biplav Srivastava , Francesca Rossi , Sheema Usmani , and Mariana Bernagozzi

As AI technologies progress, social acceptance of AI agents, including intelligent virtual agents and robots, is becoming even more important for more applications of AI in human society. One way to improve the relationship between humans…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-05-12 Takahiro Tsumura , Seiji Yamada

Interview chatbots engage users in a text-based conversation to draw out their views and opinions. It is, however, challenging to build effective interview chatbots that can handle user free-text responses to open-ended questions and…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2020-02-06 Ziang Xiao , Michelle X. Zhou , Wenxi Chen , Huahai Yang , Changyan Chi

One way to improve the relationship between humans and anthropomorphic agents is to have humans empathize with the agents. In this study, we focused on a task between an agent and a human in which the agent makes a mistake. To investigate…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Takahiro Tsumura , Seiji Yamada

In this paper, we analyze the performance of an agent developed according to a well-accepted appraisal theory of human emotion with respect to how it modulates play in the context of a social dilemma. We ask if the agent will be capable of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-07-19 Moojan Ghafurian , Neil Budnarain , Jesse Hoey

The novel research area of computational empathy is in its infancy and moving towards developing methods and standards. One major problem is the lack of agreement on the evaluation of empathy in artificial interactive systems. Even though…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-08-16 Özge Nilay Yalçın

Previous research on empathetic dialogue systems has mostly focused on generating responses given certain emotions. However, being empathetic not only requires the ability of generating emotional responses, but more importantly, requires…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-08-22 Zhaojiang Lin , Andrea Madotto , Jamin Shin , Peng Xu , Pascale Fung

As Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in customer-facing applications, a critical yet underexplored question is how users communicate differently with LLM chatbots compared to human agent. In this study, we present…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-06 Fulei Zhang , Zhou Yu

Empathy is central to human connection, yet people often struggle to express it effectively. In blinded evaluations, large language models (LLMs) generate responses that are often judged more empathic than human-written ones. Yet when a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Aakriti Kumar , Nalin Poungpeth , Diyi Yang , Bruce Lambert , Matthew Groh

As conversational agents increasingly engage in emotionally supportive dialogue, it is important to understand how closely their interactions resemble those in traditional therapy settings. This study investigates whether the concerns…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Sophie Chiang , Guy Laban , Hatice Gunes

Building a socially intelligent agent involves many challenges, one of which is to teach the agent to speak guided by its value like a human. However, value-driven chatbots are still understudied in the area of dialogue systems. Most…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-07-25 Liang Qiu , Yizhou Zhao , Jinchao Li , Pan Lu , Baolin Peng , Jianfeng Gao , Song-Chun Zhu

AI companion chatbots are increasingly used for emotional support, with prior work in the domain predominantly documenting their mixed psychosocial impacts, including both increased emotional expression and heightened loneliness. However,…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Olivia Yan Huang , Monika Stodolska , Sharifa Sultana

This paper investigates the empathetic responding capabilities of ChatGPT, particularly its latest iteration, GPT-4, in comparison to human-generated responses to a wide range of emotional scenarios, both positive and negative. We employ a…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-03-12 Anuradha Welivita , Pearl Pu

This paper reports on progress towards building an online language learning tool to provide learners with conversational experience by using dialog systems as conversation practice partners. Our system can adapt to users' language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-08-02 Yu Li , Chun-Yen Chen , Dian Yu , Sam Davidson , Ryan Hou , Xun Yuan , Yinghua Tan , Derek Pham , Zhou Yu

Being engaging, knowledgeable, and empathetic are all desirable general qualities in a conversational agent. Previous work has introduced tasks and datasets that aim to help agents to learn those qualities in isolation and gauge how well…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-04-21 Eric Michael Smith , Mary Williamson , Kurt Shuster , Jason Weston , Y-Lan Boureau

Empathy is a critical factor in fostering positive user experiences in conversational AI. While models can display empathy, it is often generic rather than tailored to specific tasks and contexts. In this work, we introduce a novel…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-11-06 Erfan Shayegani , Jina Suh , Andy Wilson , Nagu Rangan , Javier Hernandez

Many people suffer from mental health problems but not everyone seeks professional help or has access to mental health care. AI chatbots have increasingly become a go-to for individuals who either have mental disorders or simply want…

Other Quantitative Biology · Quantitative Biology 2025-11-03 Aditya Naik , Jovi Thomas , Teja Sree Mandava , Himavanth Reddy Vemula