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Quantization has become a predominant approach for model compression, enabling deployment of large models trained on GPUs onto smaller form-factor devices for inference. Quantization-aware training (QAT) optimizes model parameters with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-13 Zheng Wang , Juncheng B Li , Shuhui Qu , Florian Metze , Emma Strubell

This paper summarizes our participation in the SMART Task of the ISWC 2020 Challenge. A particular question we are interested in answering is how well neural methods, and specifically transformer models, such as BERT, perform on the answer…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-15 Vinay Setty , Krisztian Balog

This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of quantization techniques for optimizing Large Language Models (LLMs), specifically focusing on Post-Training Quantization (PTQ) and Quantization-Aware Training (QAT). Through empirical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-12 Jahid Hasan

Pre-trained vision transformers have achieved remarkable performance across various visual tasks but suffer from expensive computational and memory costs. While model quantization reduces memory usage by lowering precision, these models…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-06 Ching-Yi Lin , Sahil Shah

Since 2017, the Transformer-based models play critical roles in various downstream Natural Language Processing tasks. However, a common limitation of the attention mechanism utilized in Transformer Encoder is that it cannot automatically…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-20 Ziyang Luo , Yadong Xi , Jing Ma , Zhiwei Yang , Xiaoxi Mao , Changjie Fan , Rongsheng Zhang

We present BERTGEN, a novel generative, decoder-only model which extends BERT by fusing multimodal and multilingual pretrained models VL-BERT and M-BERT, respectively. BERTGEN is auto-regressively trained for language generation tasks,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-08 Faidon Mitzalis , Ozan Caglayan , Pranava Madhyastha , Lucia Specia

As a pre-trained Transformer model, BERT (Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers) has achieved ground-breaking performance on multiple NLP tasks. On the other hand, Boosting is a popular ensemble learning technique which…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-09-15 Tongwen Huang , Qingyun She , Junlin Zhang

As machine learning inferences increasingly move to edge devices, adapting to diverse computational capabilities, hardware, and memory constraints becomes more critical. Instead of relying on a pre-trained model fixed for all future…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Xiangchen Li , Saeid Ghafouri , Bo Ji , Hans Vandierendonck , Deepu John , Dimitrios S. Nikolopoulos

As the computing power of modern hardware is increasing strongly, pre-trained deep learning models (e.g., BERT, GPT-3) learned on large-scale datasets have shown their effectiveness over conventional methods. The big progress is mainly…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-11-09 Hanting Chen , Yunhe Wang , Tianyu Guo , Chang Xu , Yiping Deng , Zhenhua Liu , Siwei Ma , Chunjing Xu , Chao Xu , Wen Gao

Newly-introduced deep learning architectures, namely BERT, XLNet, RoBERTa and ALBERT, have been proved to be robust on several NLP tasks. However, the datasets trained on these architectures are fixed in terms of size and generalizability.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-09-29 Jean-Philippe Corbeil , Hadi Abdi Ghadivel

Recently, pre-trained models have been the dominant paradigm in natural language processing. They achieved remarkable state-of-the-art performance across a wide range of related tasks, such as textual entailment, natural language inference,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-05-21 Dongfang Li , Yifei Yu , Qingcai Chen , Xinyu Li

Natural Language Processing (NLP) has witnessed a transformative leap with the advent of transformer-based architectures, which have significantly enhanced the ability of machines to understand and generate human-like text. This paper…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-27 Tianhao Wu , Yu Wang , Ngoc Quach

The transformer-based pre-trained language model BERT has helped to improve state-of-the-art performance on many natural language processing (NLP) tasks. Using the same architecture and parameters, we developed and evaluated a monolingual…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-12-23 Wietse de Vries , Andreas van Cranenburgh , Arianna Bisazza , Tommaso Caselli , Gertjan van Noord , Malvina Nissim

High-order numerical methods enhance Transformer performance in tasks like NLP and CV, but introduce a performance-efficiency trade-off due to increased computational overhead. Our analysis reveals that conventional efficiency techniques,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Xinyu Liu , Bei Li , Jiahao Liu , Junhao Ruan , Kechen Jiao , Hongyin Tang , Jingang Wang , Xiao Tong , Jingbo Zhu

We propose PromptBERT, a novel contrastive learning method for learning better sentence representation. We firstly analyze the drawback of current sentence embedding from original BERT and find that it is mainly due to the static token…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-14 Ting Jiang , Jian Jiao , Shaohan Huang , Zihan Zhang , Deqing Wang , Fuzhen Zhuang , Furu Wei , Haizhen Huang , Denvy Deng , Qi Zhang

Many Transformer-based pre-trained models for code have been developed and applied to code-related tasks. In this paper, we review the existing literature, examine the suitability of model architectures for different tasks, and look at the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-10-03 Yan Xiao , Xinyue Zuo , Lei Xue , Kailong Wang , Jin Song Dong , Ivan Beschastnikh

Quantization using a small number of bits shows promise for reducing latency and memory usage in deep neural networks. However, most quantization methods cannot readily handle complicated functions such as exponential and square root, and…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-03-27 Yangyang Chang , Gerald E. Sobelman

Large language models (LLMs) have grown beyond the memory capacity of single GPU devices, necessitating quantization techniques for practical deployment. While NF4 (4-bit NormalFloat) quantization enables 4$\times$ memory reduction,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-06 Xiangbo Qi , Chaoyi Jiang , Murali Annavaram

Self-supervised speech representation learning has shown promising results in various speech processing tasks. However, the pre-trained models, e.g., HuBERT, are storage-intensive Transformers, limiting their scope of applications under…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-06-22 Rui Wang , Qibing Bai , Junyi Ao , Long Zhou , Zhixiang Xiong , Zhihua Wei , Yu Zhang , Tom Ko , Haizhou Li

Transformer-based models, such as BERT and ViT, have achieved state-of-the-art results across different natural language processing (NLP) and computer vision (CV) tasks. However, these models are extremely memory intensive during their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-31 Arash Ardakani , Altan Haan , Shangyin Tan , Doru Thom Popovici , Alvin Cheung , Costin Iancu , Koushik Sen