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Consensus algorithms play a critical role in blockchains and directly impact their performance. During consensus processing, nodes need to validate and order the pending transactions into a new block, which requires verifying the…
Blockchain technologies originate from cryptocurrencies. Thus, most blockchain technologies assume an environment with a fast and stable network. However, in some blockchain-based systems, e.g., supply chain management (SCM) systems, some…
The Internet of Vehicles (IoV) can significantly improve transportation efficiency and ensure traffic safety. Authentication is regarded as the fundamental defense line against attacks in IoV. However, the state-of-the-art approaches suffer…
Consensus mechanism is the core technology for blockchain to ensure that transactions are executed in sequence. It also determines the decentralization, security, and efficiency of blockchain. Existing mechanisms all have certain…
Distributed ledgers are common in the industry. Some of them can use blockchains as their underlying infrastructure. A blockchain requires participants to agree on its contents. This can be achieved via a consensus protocol, and several BFT…
The blockchain has found numerous applications in many areas with the expectation to significantly enhance their security. The Internet of things (IoT) constitutes a prominent application domain of blockchain, with a number of architectures…
With the fast expanding scale of vehicular networks, vehicular edge computing (VEC) has emerged and attracted growing attention from both industry and academia. Parked vehicles (PVs) have great potential to join vehicular networks for…
This paper presents IBFT, a simple and elegant Byzantine fault-tolerant consensus algorithm that is used to implement state machine replication in the \emph{Quorum} blockchain. IBFT assumes a partially synchronous communication model, where…
Wireless blockchain networks have played an important role in many network scenarios, among which wireless Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance (PBFT) consensus is regarded as one of the most important consensus mechanisms. It enables nodes…
Along with the development of vehicular sensors and wireless communication technology, Internet of Vehicles (IoV) is emerging that can improve traffic efficiency and provide a comfortable driving environment. However, there is still a…
It is a critical matter for a blockchain system whether a Byzantine fault tolerance (BFT) can be guaranteed during a consensus process. Can connected vehicles (CVs) achieve the BFT consensus when the vehicles keep mobile? This paper seeks…
With the development of intelligent vehicles, security and reliability communication between vehicles has become a key problem to be solved in Internet of vehicles(IoVs). Blockchain is considered as a feasible solution due to its advantages…
Blockchain has been regarded as a promising technology for Internet of Things (IoT), since it provides significant solutions for decentralized network which can address trust and security concerns, high maintenance cost problem, etc. The…
The practical Byzantine fault tolerant (PBFT) consensus mechanism is one of the most basic consensus algorithms (or protocols) in blockchain technologies, thus its performance evaluation is an interesting and challenging topic due to a…
The practical Byzantine fault tolerant (PBFT) consensus protocol is one of the basic consensus protocols in the development of blockchain technology. At the same time, the PBFT consensus protocol forms a basis for some other important BFT…
While the convergence of Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques with improved information technology systems ensured enormous benefits to the Internet of Vehicles (IoVs) systems, it also introduced an increased amount of security and…
With the rapid growth of new technological paradigms such as the Internet of Things (IoT), it opens new doors for many applications in the modern era for the betterment of human life. One of the recent applications of the IoT is the…
The Intelligent vehicle (IV) is experiencing revolutionary growth in research and industry, but it still suffers from many security vulnerabilities. Traditional security methods are incapable to provide secure IV communication. The major…
This paper presents V-Guard, a new permissioned blockchain that achieves consensus for vehicular data under changing memberships, targeting the problem in V2X networks where vehicles are often intermittently connected on the roads. To…
Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSs) technology has advanced during the past years, and it is now used for several applications that require vehicles to exchange real-time data, such as in traffic information management. Traditionally,…