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Research in the field of malware classification often relies on machine learning models that are trained on high-level features, such as opcodes, function calls, and control flow graphs. Extracting such features is costly, since disassembly…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-03-26 Mugdha Jain , William Andreopoulos , Mark Stamp

Classification of malware families is crucial for a comprehensive understanding of how they can infect devices, computers, or systems. Thus, malware identification enables security researchers and incident responders to take precautions…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-06-23 Ferhat Demirkıran , Aykut Çayır , Uğur Ünal , Hasan Dağ

This technical report presents a comprehensive analysis of malware classification using OpCode sequences. Two distinct approaches are evaluated: traditional machine learning using n-gram analysis with Support Vector Machine (SVM), K-Nearest…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-21 Varij Saini , Rudraksh Gupta , Neel Soni

Malware detection is an ever-present challenge for all organizational gatekeepers, who must maintain high detection rates while minimizing interruptions to the organization's workflow. To improve detection rates, organizations often deploy…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-05-21 Yoni Birman , Shaked Hindi , Gilad Katz , Asaf Shabtai

A promising avenue for improving the effectiveness of behavioral-based malware detectors would be to combine fast traditional machine learning detectors with high-accuracy, but time-consuming deep learning models. The main idea would be to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-06-16 Ruimin Sun , Marcus Botacin , Nikolaos Sapountzis , Xiaoyong Yuan , Matt Bishop , Donald E Porter , Xiaolin Li , Andre Gregio , Daniela Oliveira

Adversarial EXEmples are carefully-perturbed programs tailored to evade machine learning Windows malware detectors, with an ongoing effort to develop robust models able to address detection effectiveness. However, even if robust models can…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-06 Matous Kozak , Luca Demetrio , Dmitrijs Trizna , Fabio Roli

Malware detection is a critical aspect of information security. One difficulty that arises is that malware often evolves over time. To maintain effective malware detection, it is necessary to determine when malware evolution has occurred so…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-03-11 Sunhera Paul , Mark Stamp

Existing research on malware detection focuses almost exclusively on the detection rate. However, in some cases, it is also important to understand the results of our algorithm, or to obtain more information, such as where to investigate in…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-02-07 Tony Quertier , Grégoire Barrué

Recent works within machine learning have been tackling inputs of ever-increasing size, with cybersecurity presenting sequence classification problems of particularly extreme lengths. In the case of Windows executable malware detection,…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-12-18 Edward Raff , William Fleshman , Richard Zak , Hyrum S. Anderson , Bobby Filar , Mark McLean

Due to continuous increase in the number of malware (according to AV-Test institute total ~8 x 10^8 malware are already known, and every day they register ~2.5 x 10^4 malware) and files in the computational devices, it is very important to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-06-03 Sanjay K. Sahay , Mayank Chaudhari

Most behavioral detectors of malware remain specific to a given language and platform, mostly PE executables for Windows. The objective of this paper is to define a generic approach for behavioral detection based on two layers respectively…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2009-02-03 Gregoire Jacob , Herve Debar , Eric Filiol

The convolutional neural network (CNN) architecture is increasingly being applied to new domains, such as malware detection, where it is able to learn malicious behavior from raw bytes extracted from executables. These architectures reach…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-04-16 Octavian Suciu , Scott E. Coull , Jeffrey Johns

With the globalization of the semiconductor manufacturing process, electronic devices are powerless against malicious modification of hardware in the supply chain. The ever-increasing threat of hardware Trojan attacks against integrated…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-03-13 Kyle Worley , Md Tauhidur Rahman

Automated malware analysis increasingly relies on machine learning, yet most existing methods remain task-specific and depend on handcrafted features or narrowly scoped models. Recent developments in binary-level foundation models suggest a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Saastha Vasan , Yuzhou Nie , Kaie Chen , Yigitcan Kaya , Hojjat Aghakhani , Roman Vasilenko , Wenbo Guo , Christopher Kruegel , Giovanni Vigna

Malicious software is abundant in a world of innumerable computer users, who are constantly faced with these threats from various sources like the internet, local networks and portable drives. Malware is potentially low to high risk and can…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2012-05-15 Priyank Singhal , Nataasha Raul

The tremendous growth in smart devices has uplifted several security threats. One of the most prominent threats is malicious software also known as malware. Malware has the capability of corrupting a device and collapsing an entire network.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-02-14 Muhammad Ahmed , Anam Qureshi , Jawwad Ahmed Shamsi , Murk Marvi

The knockoff filter is a powerful tool for controlled variable selection with false discovery rate (FDR) control. In this paper, we leverage e-values to allow the nominal FDR level to be switched post-hoc, after looking at the data and…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-02-20 Lasse Fischer , Konstantinos Sechidis

Current malware detection and classification approaches generally rely on time consuming and knowledge intensive processes to extract patterns (signatures) and behaviors from malware, which are then used for identification. Moreover, these…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-07-24 Quan Le , Oisín Boydell , Brian Mac Namee , Mark Scanlon

With the advent of new technologies, using various formats of digital gadgets is becoming widespread. In today's world, where everyday tasks are inevitable without technology, this extensive use of computers paves the way for malicious…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-02-23 Mohammad Mahdi Maghouli , Mohamadreza Fereydooni , Monireh Abdoos , Mojtaba Vahidi-Asl

Parameter-Efficient Transfer Learning (PETL) aims at efficiently adapting large models pre-trained on massive data to downstream tasks with limited task-specific data. In view of the practicality of PETL, previous works focus on tuning a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-15 Hengyuan Zhao , Hao Luo , Yuyang Zhao , Pichao Wang , Fan Wang , Mike Zheng Shou