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Recommender systems can be formulated as a matrix completion problem, predicting ratings from user and item parameter vectors. Optimizing these parameters by subsampling data becomes difficult as the number of users and items grows. We…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2018-07-09 Elias Tragas , Calvin Luo , Maxime Gazeau , Kevin Luk , David Duvenaud

Federated recommender system (FRS), which enables many local devices to train a shared model jointly without transmitting local raw data, has become a prevalent recommendation paradigm with privacy-preserving advantages. However, previous…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-12-27 Honglei Zhang , Fangyuan Luo , Jun Wu , Xiangnan He , Yidong Li

In recommendation systems, high-quality user embeddings can capture subtle preferences, enable precise similarity calculations, and adapt to changing preferences over time to maintain relevance. The effectiveness of recommendation systems…

Large Language Models (LLMs) have emerged as promising recommendation systems, offering novel ways to model user preferences through generative approaches. However, many existing methods often rely solely on text semantics or incorporate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Mir Rayat Imtiaz Hossain , Leo Feng , Leonid Sigal , Mohamed Osama Ahmed

Multi-stage cascade architecture exists widely in many industrial systems such as recommender systems and online advertising, which often consists of sequential modules including matching, pre-ranking, ranking, etc. For a long time, it is…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2020-08-18 Zhe Wang , Liqin Zhao , Biye Jiang , Guorui Zhou , Xiaoqiang Zhu , Kun Gai

Display advertising provides significant value to advertisers, publishers, and users. Traditional display advertising systems utilize a multi-stage architecture consisting of retrieval, coarse ranking, and final ranking. However,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-07-17 Fengxin Li , Yi Li , Yue Liu , Chao Zhou , Yuan Wang , Xiaoxiang Deng , Wei Xue , Dapeng Liu , Lei Xiao , Haijie Gu , Jie Jiang , Hongyan Liu , Biao Qin , Jun He

With recent advances in large language models (LLMs), there has been emerging numbers of research in developing Semantic IDs based on LLMs to enhance the performance of recommendation systems. However, the dimension of these embeddings…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Taolin Zhang , Junwei Pan , Jinpeng Wang , Yaohua Zha , Tao Dai , Bin Chen , Ruisheng Luo , Xiaoxiang Deng , Yuan Wang , Ming Yue , Jie Jiang , Shu-Tao Xia

Large embedding tables are indispensable in modern recommendation systems, thanks to their ability to effectively capture and memorize intricate details of interactions among diverse entities. As we explore integrating large embedding…

At the heart of contemporary recommender systems (RSs) are latent factor models that provide quality recommendation experience to users. These models use embedding vectors, which are typically of a uniform and fixed size, to represent users…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Yunke Qu , Tong Chen , Quoc Viet Hung Nguyen , Hongzhi Yin

Large-scale recommender systems often face severe latency and storage constraints at prediction time. These are particularly acute when the number of items that could be recommended is large, and calculating predictions for the full set is…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2017-09-05 Maciej Kula

Recent research has explored using Large Language Models for recommendation tasks by transforming user interaction histories and item metadata into text prompts, then having the LLM produce rankings or recommendations. A promising approach…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Bo Ma , LuYao Liu , Simon Lau , Chandler Yuan , and XueY Cui , Rosie Zhang

In recent years, recommender systems have advanced rapidly, where embedding learning for users and items plays a critical role. A standard method learns a unique embedding vector for each user and item. However, such a method has two…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-02-13 Yizhou Chen , Guangda Huzhang , Anxiang Zeng , Qingtao Yu , Hui Sun , Heng-yi Li , Jingyi Li , Yabo Ni , Han Yu , Zhiming Zhou

Contemporary recommendation systems predominantly rely on ID embedding to capture latent associations among users and items. However, this approach overlooks the wealth of semantic information embedded within textual descriptions of items,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-12-30 Jian Jia , Yipei Wang , Yan Li , Honggang Chen , Xuehan Bai , Zhaocheng Liu , Jian Liang , Quan Chen , Han Li , Peng Jiang , Kun Gai

Industry-scale recommender systems face a core challenge: representing entities with high cardinality, such as users or items, using dense embeddings that must be accessible during both training and inference. However, as embedding sizes…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-05-19 Petr Kasalický , Martin Spišák , Vojtěch Vančura , Daniel Bohuněk , Rodrigo Alves , Pavel Kordík

When a user connects to the Internet to fulfill his needs, he often encounters a huge amount of related information. Recommender systems are the techniques for massively filtering information and offering the items that users find them…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-15 Mahdi Kherad , Amir Jalaly Bidgoly

The rapid evolution of technology has transformed business operations and customer interactions worldwide, with personalization emerging as a key opportunity for e-commerce companies to engage customers more effectively. The application of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-27 Miguel Alves Gomes , Philipp Meisen , Tobias Meisen

Learned embeddings for products are an important building block for web-scale e-commerce recommendation systems. At Pinterest, we build a single set of product embeddings called ItemSage to provide relevant recommendations in all shopping…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-05-25 Paul Baltescu , Haoyu Chen , Nikil Pancha , Andrew Zhai , Jure Leskovec , Charles Rosenberg

Network embedding (or graph embedding) has been widely used in many real-world applications. However, existing methods mainly focus on networks with single-typed nodes/edges and cannot scale well to handle large networks. Many real-world…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2019-05-21 Yukuo Cen , Xu Zou , Jianwei Zhang , Hongxia Yang , Jingren Zhou , Jie Tang

Behavioral patterns captured in embeddings learned from interaction data are pivotal across various stages of production recommender systems. However, in the initial retrieval stage, practitioners face an inherent tradeoff between embedding…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-02-11 Vojtěch Vančura , Martin Spišák , Rodrigo Alves , Ladislav Peška

We present Tencent's ads recommendation system and examine the challenges and practices of learning appropriate recommendation representations. Our study begins by showcasing our approaches to preserving prior knowledge when encoding…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-07-09 Junwei Pan , Wei Xue , Ximei Wang , Haibin Yu , Xun Liu , Shijie Quan , Xueming Qiu , Dapeng Liu , Lei Xiao , Jie Jiang