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Blockchain is a decentralized, distributed ledger technology that ensures transparency, security, and immutability through cryptographic techniques. However, advancements in quantum computing threaten the security of classical cryptographic…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Nicholas J. C. Papadopoulos

Our aim in this paper is to investigate the profitability of double-spending (DS) attacks that manipulate an a priori mined transaction in a blockchain. It was well understood that a successful DS attack is established when the proportion…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-10-15 Jehyuk Jang , Heung-No Lee

This paper examines the dynamics of the cryptocurrency market and proposes a novel blockchain-based protocol for real estate transactions. Our analysis includes a detailed review of price trends, volatility, and correlations within the…

As the first decentralized digital currency introduced in 2009 together with the blockchain, Bitcoin offers new opportunities both for developed and developing countries. Bitcoin peer-to-peer transactions are independent of the banking…

Physics and Society · Physics 2018-04-25 Francesco Parino , Mariano G. Beiro , Laetitia Gauvin

Recently, several works conjectured the vulnerabilities of mainstream blockchains under several network attacks. All these attacks translate into showing that the assumptions of these blockchains can be violated in theory or under…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-05-15 Parinya Ekparinya , Vincent Gramoli , Guillaume Jourjon

Innovation in the world of today is mainly driven by software. Companies need to continuously rejuvenate their product portfolios with new features to stay ahead of their competitors. For example, recent trends explore the application of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2018-09-25 Christian Berger , Birgit Penzenstadler , Olaf Drögehorn

A new cybersecurity attack,where an adversary illicitly runs crypto-mining software over the devices of unaware users, is emerging in both the literature and in the wild . This attack, known as cryptojacking, has proved to be very effective…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-08-09 Maurantonio Caprolu , Simone Raponi , Gabriele Oligeri , Roberto Di Pietro

Decentralized cryptocurrency networks, notably those with high energy demand, have faced significant criticism and subsequent regulatory scrutiny. Despite these concerns, policy interventions targeting cryptocurrency operations in the…

Blockchain, as the backbone technology of the current popular Bitcoin digital currency, has become a promising decentralized data management framework. Although blockchain has been widely adopted in many applications, e.g., finance,…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2018-04-13 Zehui Xiong , Yang Zhang , Dusit Niyato , Ping Wang , Zhu Han

Blockchain transactions are signed by private keys. Secure key storage and tamper-proof computers are essential requirements for deploying a trusted infrastructure. In this paper, we identify some threats against blockchain wallets and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-03-31 Pascal Urien

The energy consumption and related carbon emissions of cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin are subject to extensive discussion in public, academia, and industry. As cryptocurrencies continue their journey into mainstream finance, incentives to…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-03-21 Ulrich Gallersdörfer , Lena Klaaßen , Christian Stoll

Blockchain is relatively a new area of research. However, a surge of research studies on the blockchain has taken place in recent years. These research studies have mostly focused on designing and developing conceptual frameworks to build…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-04-28 Iyolita Islam , Kazi Md. Munim , Shahrima Jannat Oishwee , A. K. M. Najmul Islam , Muhammad Nazrul Islam

In recent years, power grids have seen a surge in large cryptocurrency mining firms, with individual consumption levels reaching 700MW. This study examines the behavior of these firms in Texas, focusing on how their consumption is…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-01-03 Subir Majumder , Ignacio Aravena , Le Xie

Envisioned to be the future of secured distributed systems, blockchain networks have received increasing attention from both the industry and academia in recent years. However, blockchain mining processes demand high hardware costs and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-02-28 Minghong Fang , Jia Liu

Crypto-currencies like Bitcoins are relatively recent phenomena on the online Internet landscape and an emerging force in the financial sector. While not conforming to traditional institutional practices, they are gaining increasing…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2016-06-09 Mustafa Ally , Michael Gardiner , Michael Lane

The resource-consuming mining of blocks on a blockchain equipped with a proof of work consensus protocol bears the risk of ruin, namely when the operational costs for the mining exceed the received rewards. In this paper we investigate to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-09-08 Hansjoerg Albrecher , Dina Finger , Pierre-Olivier Goffard

Cryptocurrencies that are based on Proof-of-Work (PoW) often rely on special purpose hardware to perform so-called mining operations that secure the system, with miners receiving freshly minted tokens as a reward for their work. A notable…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-10-20 Aviv Yaish , Aviv Zohar

Cryptocurrencies are considered relevant assets and they are currently used as an investment or to carry out transactions. However, specific characteristics commonly associated with the cryptocurrencies such as irreversibility,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-11-30 Hugo Almeida , Pedro Pinto , Ana Fernández Vilas

As time progresses, the need for more secure applications grows exponentially. The different types of sensitive information that is being transferred virtually has sparked a rise in systems that leverage blockchain. Different sectors are…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-01-04 Myles Lewis , Chris Crawford

As an emerging service framework built by combining cryptography, P2P network, consensus mechanism and innovative contract technology, blockchain has been widely used in digital finance, data sharing, message traceability and electronic…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Wenwen Zhou , Dongyang Lyu , Xiaoqi Li