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We consider estimating the parameters of a Gaussian mixture density with a given number of components best representing a given set of weighted samples. We adopt a density interpretation of the samples by viewing them as a discrete Dirac…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-04-03 Daniel Frisch , Uwe D. Hanebeck

We study the complexity of learning $k$-mixtures of Gaussians ($k$-GMMs) on $\mathbb{R}^d$. This task is known to have complexity $d^{\Omega(k)}$ in full generality. To circumvent this exponential lower bound on the number of components,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Ilias Diakonikolas , Daniel M. Kane , Sushrut Karmalkar , Jasper C. H. Lee , Thanasis Pittas

The Expectation-Maximization (EM) algorithm is an iterative method to maximize the log-likelihood function for parameter estimation. Previous works on the convergence analysis of the EM algorithm have established results on the asymptotic…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2017-05-31 Chong Wu , Can Yang , Hongyu Zhao , Ji Zhu

We derive an asymptotic expansion for the log likelihood of Gaussian mixture models (GMMs) with equal covariance matrices in the low signal-to-noise regime. The expansion reveals an intimate connection between two types of algorithms for…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2020-06-30 Anya Katsevich , Afonso Bandeira

We propose a machine learning framework for parameter estimation of single mode Gaussian quantum states. Under a Bayesian framework, our approach estimates parameters of suitable prior distributions from measured data. For phase-space…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-08-16 Neel Kanth Kundu , Matthew R. McKay , Ranjan K. Mallik

In this paper we present a method for learning the parameters of a mixture of $k$ identical spherical Gaussians in $n$-dimensional space with an arbitrarily small separation between the components. Our algorithm is polynomial in all…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2010-05-14 Mikhail Belkin , Kaushik Sinha

We consider a symmetric mixture of linear regressions with random samples from the pairwise comparison design, which can be seen as a noisy version of a type of Euclidean distance geometry problem. We analyze the expectation-maximization…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2023-06-23 Abhishek Dhawan , Cheng Mao , Ashwin Pananjady

The Expectation-Maximisation (EM) algorithm is a central tool in statistics and machine learning, widely used for latent-variable models such as Gaussian Mixture Models (GMMs). Despite its ubiquity, EM is typically treated as a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Samuel Boïté , Eloi Tanguy , Julie Delon , Agnès Desolneux , Rémi Flamary

We study a class of weakly identifiable location-scale mixture models for which the maximum likelihood estimates based on $n$ i.i.d. samples are known to have lower accuracy than the classical $n^{- \frac{1}{2}}$ error. We investigate…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2021-11-17 Raaz Dwivedi , Nhat Ho , Koulik Khamaru , Martin J. Wainwright , Michael I. Jordan , Bin Yu

The learning of Gaussian Mixture Models (also referred to simply as GMMs) plays an important role in machine learning. Known for their expressiveness and interpretability, Gaussian mixture models have a wide range of applications, from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-14 Ruichong Zhang

Efficiently learning mixture of Gaussians is a fundamental problem in statistics and learning theory. Given samples coming from a random one out of k Gaussian distributions in Rn, the learning problem asks to estimate the means and the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2015-03-11 Rong Ge , Qingqing Huang , Sham M. Kakade

Optimizing machine learning algorithms that are used to solve the objective function has been of great interest. Several approaches to optimize common algorithms, such as gradient descent and stochastic gradient descent, were explored. One…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-06 Hilal AlQuabeh , Farha AlBreiki , Dilshod Azizov

The Expectation Maximization (EM) algorithm is widely used as an iterative modification to maximum likelihood estimation when the data is incomplete. We focus on a semi-supervised case to learn the model from labeled and unlabeled samples.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-26 Erixhen Sula , Lizhong Zheng

The Expectation Maximization (EM) algorithm is of key importance for inference in latent variable models including mixture of regressors and experts, missing observations. This paper introduces a novel EM algorithm, called…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-04 Gersende Fort , Eric Moulines , Hoi-To Wai

We study the efficient learnability of high-dimensional Gaussian mixtures in the outlier-robust setting, where a small constant fraction of the data is adversarially corrupted. We resolve the polynomial learnability of this problem when the…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-05-14 Ilias Diakonikolas , Samuel B. Hopkins , Daniel Kane , Sushrut Karmalkar

A line of recent work has analyzed the behavior of the Expectation-Maximization (EM) algorithm in the well-specified setting, in which the population likelihood is locally strongly concave around its maximizing argument. Examples include…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2020-04-30 Raaz Dwivedi , Nhat Ho , Koulik Khamaru , Michael I. Jordan , Martin J. Wainwright , Bin Yu

In this paper we provide a new analysis of the SEM algorithm. Unlike previous work, we focus on the analysis of a single run of the algorithm. First, we discuss the algorithm for general mixture distributions. Second, we consider Gaussian…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2014-07-03 Johannes Blömer , Kathrin Bujna , Daniel Kuntze

Gaussian Mixture Models are a powerful tool in Data Science and Statistics that are mainly used for clustering and density approximation. The task of estimating the model parameters is in practice often solved by the Expectation…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-08-25 Lena Sembach , Jan Pablo Burgard , Volker H. Schulz

We study the problem of learning mixtures of $k$ Gaussians in $d$ dimensions. We make no separation assumptions on the underlying mixture components: we only require that the covariance matrices have bounded condition number and that the…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-11-20 Sitan Chen , Vasilis Kontonis , Kulin Shah

Variance components estimation and mixed model analysis are central themes in statistics with applications in numerous scientific disciplines. Despite the best efforts of generations of statisticians and numerical analysts, maximum…

Computation · Statistics 2015-09-25 Hua Zhou , Liuyi Hu , Jin Zhou , Kenneth Lange