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Although the Indonesian language is spoken by almost 200 million people and the 10th most spoken language in the world, it is under-represented in NLP research. Previous work on Indonesian has been hampered by a lack of annotated datasets,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-11-03 Fajri Koto , Afshin Rahimi , Jey Han Lau , Timothy Baldwin

Although Indonesian is known to be the fourth most frequently used language over the internet, the research progress on this language in the natural language processing (NLP) is slow-moving due to a lack of available resources. In response,…

Natural Language Understanding (NLU) for low-resource languages remains a major challenge in NLP due to the scarcity of high-quality data and language-specific models. Maithili, despite being spoken by millions, lacks adequate computational…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Sumit Yadav , Raju Kumar Yadav , Utsav Maskey , Gautam Siddharth Kashyap , Ganesh Gautam , Usman Naseem

Transformer-based pre-trained language models have dominated the field of Natural Language Processing (NLP) for quite some time now. However, the Nepali language, spoken by approximately 32 million people worldwide, remains significantly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-20 Prajwal Thapa , Jinu Nyachhyon , Mridul Sharma , Bal Krishna Bal

Large-scale multitask benchmarks have driven rapid progress in language modeling, yet most emphasize high-resource languages such as English, leaving Bengali underrepresented. We present BnMMLU, a comprehensive benchmark for measuring…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Saman Sarker Joy , Swakkhar Shatabda

Online social media platforms are central to everyday communication and information seeking. While these platforms serve positive purposes, they also provide fertile ground for the spread of hate speech, offensive language, and bullying…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Md Arid Hasan , Firoj Alam , Md Fahad Hossain , Usman Naseem , Syed Ishtiaque Ahmed

Language-specific pre-trained models have proven to be more accurate than multilingual ones in a monolingual evaluation setting, Arabic is no exception. However, we found that previously released Arabic BERT models were significantly…

Multilingual BERT (mBERT) trained on 104 languages has shown surprisingly good cross-lingual performance on several NLP tasks, even without explicit cross-lingual signals. However, these evaluations have focused on cross-lingual transfer…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-02 Shijie Wu , Mark Dredze

Recent advances in natural language processing (NLP) have been driven bypretrained language models like BERT, RoBERTa, T5, and GPT. Thesemodels excel at understanding complex texts, but biomedical literature, withits domain-specific…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-28 K. Sahit Reddy , N. Ragavenderan , Vasanth K. , Ganesh N. Naik , Vishalakshi Prabhu , Nagaraja G. S

Named Entity Recognition (NER) in regional dialects is a critical yet underexplored area in Natural Language Processing (NLP), especially for low-resource languages like Bangla. While NER systems for Standard Bangla have made progress, no…

The pre-trained language model is trained on large-scale unlabeled text and can achieve state-of-the-art results in many different downstream tasks. However, the current pre-trained language model is mainly concentrated in the Chinese and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-17 Yuan Sun , Sisi Liu , Junjie Deng , Xiaobing Zhao

Despite the growing progress in Natural Language Inference (NLI) research, resources for the Bengali language remain extremely limited. Existing Bengali NLI datasets exhibit several inconsistencies, including annotation errors, ambiguous…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-13 Farah Binta Haque , Md Yasin , Shishir Saha , Md Shoaib Akhter Rafi , Farig Sadeque

Pre-trained Language Models (PLMs) are integral to many modern natural language processing (NLP) systems. Although multilingual models cover a wide range of languages, they often grapple with challenges like high inference costs and a lack…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-19 Murtadha Ahmed , Saghir Alfasly , Bo Wen , Jamaal Qasem , Mohammed Ahmed , Yunfeng Liu

The rapid expansion of the digital world has propelled sentiment analysis into a critical tool across diverse sectors such as marketing, politics, customer service, and healthcare. While there have been significant advancements in sentiment…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-08 Md. Arid Hasan , Shudipta Das , Afiyat Anjum , Firoj Alam , Anika Anjum , Avijit Sarker , Sheak Rashed Haider Noori

NLP is currently dominated by general-purpose pretrained language models like RoBERTa, which achieve strong performance on NLU tasks through pretraining on billions of words. But what exact knowledge or skills do Transformer LMs learn from…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-11-11 Yian Zhang , Alex Warstadt , Haau-Sing Li , Samuel R. Bowman

Transformer-based models such as BERT have significantly advanced Natural Language Processing (NLP) across many languages. However, Nepali, a low-resource language written in Devanagari script, remains relatively underexplored. This study…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Nischal Karki , Bipesh Subedi , Prakash Poudyal , Rupak Raj Ghimire , Bal Krishna Bal

In this work, we introduce BLUCK, a new dataset designed to measure the performance of Large Language Models (LLMs) in Bengali linguistic understanding and cultural knowledge. Our dataset comprises 2366 multiple-choice questions (MCQs)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Daeen Kabir , Minhajur Rahman Chowdhury Mahim , Sheikh Shafayat , Adnan Sadik , Arian Ahmed , Eunsu Kim , Alice Oh

There is a growing body of work in recent years to develop pre-trained language models (PLMs) for the Arabic language. This work concerns addressing two major problems in existing Arabic PLMs which constraint progress of the Arabic NLU and…

Bengali is an underrepresented language in NLP research. However, it remains a challenge due to its unique linguistic structure and computational constraints. In this work, we systematically investigate the challenges that hinder Bengali…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-01 Shimanto Bhowmik , Tawsif Tashwar Dipto , Md Sazzad Islam , Sheryl Hsu , Tahsin Reasat

In the current digital landscape, misinformation circulates rapidly, shaping public perception and causing societal divisions. It is difficult to identify hyperpartisan news in Bangla since there aren't many sophisticated natural language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-30 Mohammad Mehadi Hasan , Fatema Binte Hassan , Md Al Jubair , Zobayer Ahmed , Sazzatul Yeakin , Md Masum Billah