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Prompt-tuning has received attention as an efficient tuning method in the language domain, i.e., tuning a prompt that is a few tokens long, while keeping the large language model frozen, yet achieving comparable performance with…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-04-18 Shangyu Xie , Wei Dai , Esha Ghosh , Sambuddha Roy , Dan Schwartz , Kim Laine

Large Language Models (LLMs) face a fundamental safety-helpfulness trade-off due to static, one-size-fits-all safety policies that lack runtime controllabilityxf, making it difficult to tailor responses to diverse application needs. %As a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Jianfeng Si , Lin Sun , Weihong Lin , Xiangzheng Zhang

We introduce a privacy measure called statistic maximal leakage that quantifies how much a privacy mechanism leaks about a specific secret, relative to the adversary's prior information about that secret. Statistic maximal leakage is an…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-11-28 Shuaiqi Wang , Zinan Lin , Giulia Fanti

Training AI models in cybersecurity with help of vast datasets offers significant opportunities to mimic real-world behaviors effectively. However, challenges like data drift and scarcity of labelled data lead to frequent updates of models…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Saurabh Anand , Shubham Malaviya , Manish Shukla , Sachin Lodha

The rapid advancement of large language models (LLMs) has revolutionized natural language processing, enabling applications in diverse domains such as healthcare, finance and education. However, the growing reliance on extensive data for…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-12-10 Guoshenghui Zhao , Eric Song

The advancement of large language models (LLMs) has significantly enhanced the ability to effectively tackle various downstream NLP tasks and unify these tasks into generative pipelines. On the one hand, powerful language models, trained on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-01 Haoran Li , Yulin Chen , Jinglong Luo , Jiecong Wang , Hao Peng , Yan Kang , Xiaojin Zhang , Qi Hu , Chunkit Chan , Zenglin Xu , Bryan Hooi , Yangqiu Song

Users interacting with large language models (LLMs) under their real identifiers often unknowingly risk disclosing private information. Automatically notifying users whether their queries leak privacy and which phrases leak what private…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Hang Zeng , Xiangyu Liu , Yong Hu , Chaoyue Niu , Fan Wu , Shaojie Tang , Guihai Chen

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities across diverse natural language processing tasks, but their tendency to memorize training data poses significant privacy risks, particularly during fine-tuning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-21 Badrinath Ramakrishnan , Akshaya Balaji

Large language models (LLMs), renowned for their impressive capabilities in various tasks, have significantly advanced artificial intelligence. Yet, these advancements have raised growing concerns about privacy and security implications. To…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-03-28 Yuqi Yang , Xiaowen Huang , Jitao Sang

Despite being prevalent in the general field of Natural Language Processing (NLP), pre-trained language models inherently carry privacy and copyright concerns due to their nature of training on large-scale web-scraped data. In this paper,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-21 Yuan Xin , Zheng Li , Ning Yu , Dingfan Chen , Mario Fritz , Michael Backes , Yang Zhang

Protecting individual privacy is crucial when releasing sensitive data for public use. While data de-identification helps, it is not enough. This paper addresses parameter estimation in scenarios where data are perturbed using the…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-03-13 Qinglong Tian , Jiwei Zhao

We study an information theoretic privacy mechanism design problem for two scenarios where the private data is either observable or hidden. In each scenario, we first consider bounded mutual information as privacy leakage criterion, then we…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-12-26 Amirreza Zamani , Tobias J. Oechtering , Mikael Skoglund

Privacy preservation is a crucial component of any real-world application. But, in applications relying on machine learning backends, privacy is challenging because models often capture more than what the model was initially trained for,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-10-05 Mimansa Jaiswal , Emily Mower Provost

Multi-agent Large Language Model (LLM) systems create privacy risks that current benchmarks cannot measure. When agents coordinate on tasks, sensitive data passes through inter-agent messages, shared memory, and tool arguments, all pathways…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Faouzi El Yagoubi , Godwin Badu-Marfo , Ranwa Al Mallah

Given the progressive nature of the world today, fairness is a very important social aspect in various areas, and it has long been studied with the advent of technology. To the best of our knowledge, methods of quantifying fairness errors…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-07-21 Saswat Das , Rakshit Naidu

In collaborative learning, clients keep their data private and communicate only the computed gradients of the deep neural network being trained on their local data. Several recent attacks show that one can still extract private information…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-26 Fan Mo , Anastasia Borovykh , Mohammad Malekzadeh , Soteris Demetriou , Deniz Gündüz , Hamed Haddadi

The problem of data exchange involves a source schema, a target schema and a set of mappings from transforming the data between the two schemas. We study the problem of data exchange in the presence of privacy restrictions on the source.…

Databases · Computer Science 2019-03-25 Angela Bonifati , Ugo Comignani , Efthymia Tsamoura

Leakage of confidential information represents a serious security risk. Despite a number of novel, theoretical advances, it has been unclear if and how quantitative approaches to measuring leakage of confidential information could be…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2010-07-07 Jonathan Heusser , Pasquale Malacaria

It is commonplace to produce application-specific models by fine-tuning large pre-trained models using a small bespoke dataset. The widespread availability of foundation model checkpoints on the web poses considerable risks, including the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Yuxin Wen , Leo Marchyok , Sanghyun Hong , Jonas Geiping , Tom Goldstein , Nicholas Carlini

Privacy-preserving voice protection approaches primarily suppress privacy-related information derived from paralinguistic attributes while preserving the linguistic content. Existing solutions focus particularly on single-speaker scenarios.…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-03-28 Xiaoxiao Miao , Ruijie Tao , Chang Zeng , Xin Wang