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This paper shows that every leader election protocol requires logarithmic stabilization time both in expectation and with high probability in the population protocol model. This lower bound holds even if each agent has knowledge of the…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2019-11-05 Yuichi Sudo , Toshimitsu Masuzawa

Population protocols are a model of distributed computation intended for the study of networks of independent computing agents with dynamic communication structure. Each agent has a finite number of states, and communication opportunities…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-09-02 Michael Raskin

We investigate space-time trade-offs for population protocols in sparse interaction graphs. In complete interaction graphs, optimal space-time trade-offs are known for the leader election and exact majority problems. However, it has…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-02-19 Joel Rybicki , Jakob Solnerzik , Robin Vacus

We analyze the convergence of the $k$-opinion Undecided State Dynamics (USD) in the population protocol model. For $k$=2 opinions it is well known that the USD reaches consensus with high probability within $O(n \log n)$ interactions.…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-02-27 Talley Amir , James Aspnes , Petra Berenbrink , Felix Biermeier , Christopher Hahn , Dominik Kaaser , John Lazarsfeld

Population protocols are a model of distributed computation in which an arbitrary number of indistinguishable finite-state agents interact in pairs to decide some property of their initial configuration. We investigate the behaviour of…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2024-12-17 Benno Lossin , Philipp Czerner , Javier Esparza , Roland Guttenberg , Tobias Prehn

We study information aggregation in networks when agents interact to learn a binary state of the world. Initially each agent privately observes an independent signal which is "correct" with probability $\frac{1}{2}+\delta$ for some $\delta…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Divyarthi Mohan , Pawel Pralat

Population protocols [Angluin et al., PODC, 2004] are a model of distributed computation in which indistinguishable, finite-state agents interact in pairs to decide if their initial configuration, i.e., the initial number of agents in each…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2021-02-10 Javier Esparza , Stefan Jaax , Mikhail Raskin , Chana Weil-Kennedy

We study distributed plurality consensus among $n$ nodes, each of which initially holds one of $k$ opinions. The goal is to eventually agree on the initially dominant opinion. We consider an asynchronous communication model in which each…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2020-07-17 Gregor Bankhamer , Robert Elsässer , Dominik Kaaser , Matjaž Krnc

We consider the problem of efficiently simulating population protocols. In the population model, we are given a distributed system of $n$ agents modeled as identical finite-state machines. In each time step, a pair of agents is selected…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-05-08 Petra Berenbrink , David Hammer , Dominik Kaaser , Ulrich Meyer , Manuel Penschuck , Hung Tran

Population protocols are a model of distributed computation in which a collection of indistinguishable finite-state agents interact randomly in pairs to decide a predicate of their initial configuration. The agents decide by achieving a…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Philipp Czerner , Javier Esparza , Vincent Fischer , Roland Guttenberg , Julian Pins , Simon Reilich

This work concerns the general issue of combined optimality in terms of time and space complexity. In this context, we study the problem of (exact) counting resource-limited and passively mobile nodes in the model of population protocols,…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2016-11-23 James Aspnes , Joffroy Beauquier , Janna Burman , Devan Sohier

We find conditions required to achieve complete population transfer, via coherent population trapping, from an initial state to a designated final state at a designated time in a degenerate $n$-state atom, where transitions are caused by an…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Kh. Yu. Rakhimov , Kh. Kh. Shakov , J. H. McGuire

The stable allocation problem is one of the broadest extensions of the well-known stable marriage problem. In an allocation problem, edges of a bipartite graph have capacities and vertices have quotas to fill. Here we investigate the case…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2014-07-14 Agnes Cseh , Martin Skutella

This paper focuses on compact deterministic self-stabilizing solutions for the leader election problem. When the protocol is required to be \emph{silent} (i.e., when communication content remains fixed from some point in time during any…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2014-01-21 Lélia Blin , Sébastien Tixeuil

We consider the following distributed consensus problem: Each node in a complete communication network of size $n$ initially holds an \emph{opinion}, which is chosen arbitrarily from a finite set $\Sigma$. The system must converge toward a…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2015-08-28 Luca Becchetti , Andrea Clementi , Emanuele Natale , Francesco Pasquale , Luca Trevisan

Communication noise is a common feature in several real-world scenarios where systems of agents need to communicate in order to pursue some collective task. In particular, many biologically inspired systems that try to achieve agreements on…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-01-03 Francesco d'Amore , Isabella Ziccardi

We present distributed randomized leader election protocols for multi-hop radio networks that elect a leader in almost the same time $T_{BC}$ required for broadcasting a message. For the setting without collision detection, our algorithm…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2014-04-04 Mohsen Ghaffari , Bernhard Haeupler

In the advent of large-scale multi-hop wireless technologies, such as MANET, VANET, iThings, it is of utmost importance to devise efficient distributed protocols to maintain network architecture and provide basic communication tools. One of…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2013-02-19 Tomasz Jurdzinski , Dariusz R. Kowalski , Tomasz Maciejewski , Grzegorz Stachowiak

We describe a protocol for the average consensus problem on any fixed undirected graph whose convergence time scales linearly in the total number nodes $n$. The protocol is completely distributed, with the exception of requiring all nodes…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2017-08-07 Alex Olshevsky

Population protocols form a well-established model of computation of passively mobile anonymous agents with constant-size memory. It is well known that population protocols compute Presburger-definable predicates, such as absolute majority…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-07-06 Michael Blondin , François Ladouceur
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