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The demand for structured light with a reconfigurable spatial and polarization distribution has been increasing across a wide range of fundamental and advanced photonics applications, including microscopy, imaging, sensing, communications,…

Topological photonics has emerged as a novel paradigm for the design of electromagnetic systems from microwaves to nanophotonics. Studies to date have largely focused on the demonstration of fundamental concepts, such as non-reciprocity and…

Dynamic reconfiguration is crucial for nanoplasmonic structures to achieve diversified functions and optimize performances; however, the dynamic reconfiguration of spatial arrangements remains a formidable technological challenge. Here, we…

Nanophotonics provides the ability to rapidly and precisely reconfigure light beams on a compact platform. Infrared nanophotonic devices are widely used in data communications to overcome traditional bandwidth limitations of electrical…

Guided-wave plasmonic circuits are promising platforms for sensing, interconnection, and quantum applications in the sub-diffraction regime. Nonetheless, the loss-confinement trade-off remains a collective bottleneck for plasmonic-enhanced…

Topological plasmonics offers new ways to manipulate light by combining concepts from topology and plasmonics, similar to topological edge states in photonics. However, designing such topological states remains challenging due to the…

With the characteristics of ultrasmall, ultrafast and topological protection, optical skyrmions has great prospects in application of high intensity data stroage, high resolution microscopic imaging and polarization sensing. The flexible…

All-optical switches have attracted attention because they can potentially overcome the speed limitation of electric switches. However, ultrafast, energy-efficient all-optical switches have been challenging to realize due to the…

Reconfigurability of photonic integrated circuits (PICs) has become increasingly important due to the growing demands for electronic-photonic systems on a chip driven by emerging applications, including neuromorphic computing, quantum…

Programmable photonic circuits (PPCs) have garnered substantial interest in achieving deep learning accelerations and universal quantum computations. Although photonic computation using PPCs offers critical advantages, including ultrafast…

The rapid growth of artificial intelligence, coupled with the slowing of Moore's law, is straining computing infrastructure, as CMOS electronics face inherent limits in bandwidth, energy efficiency, and parallelism. Integrated photonic…

This Perspective examines the emerging applications of photonic topological insulators (PTIs) in the microwave domain. The introduction of topological protection of light has revolutionized the traditional perspective of wave propagation…

Nonlinear optics underpins a broad range of photonic technologies, from classical and quantum light sources to emerging nonlinear photonic neural networks. Yet, conventional nonlinear optical devices exhibit static functionality: their…

On-chip photonic processors for neural networks have potential benefits in both speed and energy efficiency but have not yet reached the scale at which they can outperform electronic processors. The dominant paradigm for designing on-chip…

The efficiency of photo-conductive switches, which continue to be used for the generation and detection of THz waves, has been overlooked for a long time. The so far 'optics-dominated' devices are making their way through to new and…

The topological insulator is a fundamentally new phase of matter, with the striking property that the conduction of electrons occurs only on its surface, not within the bulk, and that conduction is topologically protected. Topological…

Photonic topological insulators provide unprecedented possibilities to eliminate scattering losses and improve the efficiency of optical communication systems. Despite significant theoretical efforts, the experimental demonstration of an…

The advance of topological photonics has heralded a revolution for manipulating light as well as for the development of novel photonic devices such as topological insulator lasers. Here, we demonstrate topological lasing of circular…

Topology is a powerful framework for controlling and manipulating light, minimizing detrimental perturbations on the photonic properties. Combining nanophotonics with topological concepts presents opportunities for both fundamental physics…

Ultrafast nanophotonics is an emerging research field aimed at the development of nanodevices capable of light modulation with unprecedented speed. A promising approach exploits the optical nonlinearity of nanostructured materials (either…