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Broad textual understanding and in-context learning require language models that utilize full document contexts. Due to the implementation challenges associated with directly training long-context models, many methods have been proposed for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-24 Yi Lu , Jing Nathan Yan , Songlin Yang , Justin T. Chiu , Siyu Ren , Fei Yuan , Wenting Zhao , Zhiyong Wu , Alexander M. Rush

Although Transformers with fully connected self-attentions are powerful to model long-term dependencies, they are struggling to scale to long texts with thousands of words in language modeling. One of the solutions is to equip the model…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-27 Haozhe Ji , Rongsheng Zhang , Zhenyu Yang , Zhipeng Hu , Minlie Huang

Software engineers working with the same programming language (PL) may speak different natural languages (NLs) and vice versa, erecting huge barriers to communication and working efficiency. Recent studies have demonstrated the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-22 Yekun Chai , Shuohuan Wang , Chao Pang , Yu Sun , Hao Tian , Hua Wu

Pre-trained language models demonstrate general intelligence and common sense, but long inputs quickly become a bottleneck for memorizing information at inference time. We resurface a simple method, Memorizing Transformers (Wu et al.,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-05 Phoebe Klett , Thomas Ahle

While large language models (LLMs) excel in generating coherent and contextually rich outputs, their capacity to efficiently handle long-form contexts is limited by fixed-length position embeddings. Additionally, the computational cost of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-23 Sumin An , Junyoung Sung , Wonpyo Park , Chanjun Park , Paul Hongsuck Seo

The recent literature in text classification is biased towards short text sequences (e.g., sentences or paragraphs). In real-world applications, multi-page multi-paragraph documents are common and they cannot be efficiently encoded by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-26 Xiang Dai , Ilias Chalkidis , Sune Darkner , Desmond Elliott

On a wide range of natural language processing and information retrieval tasks, transformer-based models, particularly pre-trained language models like BERT, have demonstrated tremendous effectiveness. Due to the quadratic complexity of the…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-10-18 Minghan Li , Diana Nicoleta Popa , Johan Chagnon , Yagmur Gizem Cinar , Eric Gaussier

As Large Language Models (LLMs) continue to evolve, more are being designed to handle long-context inputs. Despite this advancement, most of them still face challenges in accurately handling long-context tasks, often showing the "lost in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-13 Yijiong Yu , Yongfeng Huang , Zhixiao Qi , Zhe Zhou

Large language models (LLMs) achieved remarkable performance across various tasks. However, they face challenges in managing long documents and extended conversations, due to significantly increased computational requirements, both in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-11 Yucheng Li , Bo Dong , Chenghua Lin , Frank Guerin

We present an empirical investigation of pre-trained Transformer-based auto-regressive language models for the task of open-domain dialogue generation. Training paradigm of pre-training and fine-tuning is employed to conduct the parameter…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-03-10 Piji Li

Transformers have a potential of learning longer-term dependency, but are limited by a fixed-length context in the setting of language modeling. We propose a novel neural architecture Transformer-XL that enables learning dependency beyond a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-06-04 Zihang Dai , Zhilin Yang , Yiming Yang , Jaime Carbonell , Quoc V. Le , Ruslan Salakhutdinov

Document AI aims to automatically analyze documents by leveraging natural language processing and computer vision techniques. One of the major tasks of Document AI is document layout analysis, which structures document pages by interpreting…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-31 Sotirios Kastanas , Shaomu Tan , Yi He

Large Language Models (LLMs) have been widely used as general-purpose AI agents showing comparable performance on many downstream tasks. However, existing work shows that it is challenging for LLMs to integrate structured data (e.g. KG,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-23 Younghun Lee , Sungchul Kim , Tong Yu , Ryan A. Rossi , Xiang Chen

Although transformer-based models have shown strong performance in word- and sentence-level tasks, effectively representing long documents, especially in fields like law and medicine, remains difficult. Sparse attention mechanisms can…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-01 Waheed Ahmed Abro , Zied Bouraoui

Typically, training LLMs with long context sizes is computationally expensive, requiring extensive training hours and GPU resources. Existing long-context extension methods usually need additional training procedures to support…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-23 Jiaheng Liu , Zhiqi Bai , Yuanxing Zhang , Chenchen Zhang , Yu Zhang , Ge Zhang , Jiakai Wang , Haoran Que , Yukang Chen , Wenbo Su , Tiezheng Ge , Jie Fu , Wenhu Chen , Bo Zheng

Processing long contexts is increasingly important for Large Language Models (LLMs) in tasks like multi-turn dialogues, code generation, and document summarization. This paper addresses the challenges of achieving high long-context…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Zihan Liao , Jun Wang , Hang Yu , Lingxiao Wei , Jianguo Li , Jun Wang , Wei Zhang

Non-hierarchical sparse attention Transformer-based models, such as Longformer and Big Bird, are popular approaches to working with long documents. There are clear benefits to these approaches compared to the original Transformer in terms…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-12 Ilias Chalkidis , Xiang Dai , Manos Fergadiotis , Prodromos Malakasiotis , Desmond Elliott

Transformer-based models have achieved remarkable success in various Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks, yet their ability to handle long documents is constrained by computational limitations. Traditional approaches, such as truncating…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-21 Yan Li , Soyeon Caren Han , Yue Dai , Feiqi Cao

This paper does not aim at introducing a novel model for document-level neural machine translation. Instead, we head back to the original Transformer model and hope to answer the following question: Is the capacity of current models strong…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-15 Zewei Sun , Mingxuan Wang , Hao Zhou , Chengqi Zhao , Shujian Huang , Jiajun Chen , Lei Li

Analyzing long text data such as customer call transcripts is a cost-intensive and tedious task. Machine learning methods, namely Transformers, are leveraged to model agent-customer interactions. Unfortunately, Transformers adhere to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-19 Annamalai Senthilnathan , Kristjan Arumae , Mohammed Khalilia , Zhengzheng Xing , Aaron R. Colak