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On 13 December 2006 the IceTop air shower array at the South Pole detected a major solar particle event. By numerically simulating the response of the IceTop tanks, which are thick Cherenkov detectors with multiple thresholds deployed at…
The relative abundance of deuterium (D) in the solar atmosphere is not known. D is not only destroyed in stars, it is also synthesized in the atmospheres of active stars (Prodanovic & Fields 2003). In several cases, production of D in the…
The results of precise analysis of elements and isotopes in meteorites, comets, the Earth, the Moon, Mars, Jupiter, the solar wind, solar flares, and the solar photosphere since 1960 reveal fingerprints of a local supernova (SN), undiluted…
Various large-scale experiments for double beta decay or dark matter are based on xenon. Current experiments are on the tonne scale but there are also ideas to aim for even larger sizes in the future. Here we study the potential of the…
Electrostatic analyzers of different designs have been used since the earliest days of the space age, beginning with the very earliest solar wind measurements made by Mariner 2 en route to Venus in 1962. The Parker Solar Probe (PSP)…
Using narrow-band images recorded on over 150 nights by the 35 cm coronagraph which comprises PSI's Io Input/Output Facility (IoIO), we detected a 6-month long enhancement in the Jovian sodium nebula. The onset of the enhancement occurred…
The SNO+ experiment is a large-scale, multipurpose neutrino experiment situated 2 km underground at SNOLAB in Canada. Successor to the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory, the SNO+ detector has inherited much of the original infrastructure…
Neutrons produced in nuclear interactions initiated by cosmic-ray muons present an irreducible background to many rare-event searches, even in detectors located deep underground. Models for the production of these neutrons have been tested…
The recent solar minimum activity period and the consequent minimum modulation conditions for cosmic rays were unusual compared to previous solar minimum periods. The highest spectra of galactic protons (and other cosmic rays) were recorded…
The Electron, Proton and Alpha Monitor, EPAM, located at the L1 Position approximately 1-million miles from the earth in the direction of the sun, was designed to detect fluctuations in solar output through counting the numbers of various…
This article presents the observations of the extreme ground-level enhancement (GLE #77) of Solar Cycle 25 that occurred on 11 November 2025, using ground-based NaI(Tl) gamma-ray detectors deployed at Arctic and Antarctic stations, together…
We show that the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE), with significant but feasible new efforts, has the potential to deliver world-leading results in solar neutrinos. With a 100 kton-year exposure, DUNE could detect $\gtrsim 10^5$…
The recent released results of 153.62 ton year exposure of solar neutrino data in Borexino are here discussed. Borexino is a multi-purpose detector with large volume liquid scintillator, located in the underground halls of the Laboratori…
Northern auroral regions of Earth were imaged with energetic photons in the 0.1-10 keV range using the High-Resolution Camera (HRC-I) aboard the Chandra X-ray Observatory at 10 epochs (each ~20 min duration) between mid-December 2003 and…
In 2012, physicists and astronomers celebrated the hundredth anniversary of the detection of cosmic rays by Viktor Hess. One year later, in 2013, there was first evidence for extraterrestrial high-energy neutrinos, i.e. for signal which may…
Future neutrino detector at Megaton mass might enlarge the neutrino telescope thresholds revealing cosmic supernova background and largest solar flares neutrino. Indeed the solar energetic flare particles while scattering among themselves…
The atmospheric secondary antiproton flux is studied for detection altitudes extending from sea level up to about 3 earth radii, by means of a 3-dimensional Monte-Carlo simulation, successfully applied previously on other satellite and…
On 2019 May 6, the Lunar Lander Neutron & Dosimetry (LND) Experiment on board the Chang'E-4 on the far-side of the Moon detected its first small solar energetic particle (SEP) event with proton energies up to 21MeV. Combined proton energy…
This article reports nine Solar Energetic Particle events detected by the instrument NINA between October 1998 and April 1999. NINA is a silicon-based particle detector mounted on-board the Russian satellite Resurs-01-N4, which has flown at…
On the basis of neutron monitor data we estimate the energy spectrum, anisotropy axis direction and pitch-angle distribution of solar energetic particles during two major ground level enhancements (GLE 59 on 14 July 2000 and GLE 70 on 13…