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The scarcity of parallel data is a major obstacle for training high-quality machine translation systems for low-resource languages. Fortunately, some low-resource languages are linguistically related or similar to high-resource languages;…

Large-scale pretraining and task-specific fine-tuning is now the standard methodology for many tasks in computer vision and natural language processing. Recently, a multitude of methods have been proposed for pretraining vision and language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-01 Emanuele Bugliarello , Ryan Cotterell , Naoaki Okazaki , Desmond Elliott

The recently proposed BERT has shown great power on a variety of natural language understanding tasks, such as text classification, reading comprehension, etc. However, how to effectively apply BERT to neural machine translation (NMT) lacks…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-02-18 Jinhua Zhu , Yingce Xia , Lijun Wu , Di He , Tao Qin , Wengang Zhou , Houqiang Li , Tie-Yan Liu

Despite advances in Neural Machine Translation (NMT), low-resource languages like Tigrinya remain underserved due to persistent challenges, including limited corpora, inadequate tokenization strategies, and the lack of standardized…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-25 Hailay Kidu Teklehaymanot , Gebrearegawi Gidey , Wolfgang Nejdl

Pre-trained neural language models bring significant improvement for various NLP tasks, by fine-tuning the models on task-specific training sets. During fine-tuning, the parameters are initialized from pre-trained models directly, which…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-09-17 Chengyu Wang , Minghui Qiu , Jun Huang , Xiaofeng He

Multilingual language models have shown decent performance in multilingual and cross-lingual natural language understanding tasks. However, the power of these multilingual models in code-switching tasks has not been fully explored. In this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-03-25 Genta Indra Winata , Samuel Cahyawijaya , Zihan Liu , Zhaojiang Lin , Andrea Madotto , Pascale Fung

Transfer learning techniques are particularly useful in NLP tasks where a sizable amount of high-quality annotated data is difficult to obtain. Current approaches directly adapt a pre-trained language model (LM) on in-domain text before…

Fine-tuning pre-trained Neural Machine Translation (NMT) models is the dominant approach for adapting to new languages and domains. However, fine-tuning requires adapting and maintaining a separate model for each target task. We propose a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-09-19 Ankur Bapna , Naveen Arivazhagan , Orhan Firat

One of the most popular downstream tasks in the field of Natural Language Processing is text classification. Text classification tasks have become more daunting when the texts are code-mixed. Though they are not exposed to such text during…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-15 Md Nishat Raihan , Dhiman Goswami , Antara Mahmud

Cross-lingual transfer has become a crucial aspect of multilingual NLP, as it allows for models trained on resource-rich languages to be applied to low-resource languages more effectively. Recently massively multilingual pre-trained…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Ajitesh Bankula , Praney Bankula

Pre-trained large language models (LLMs) have become a cornerstone of modern natural language processing, with their capabilities extending across a wide range of applications and languages. However, the fine-tuning of multilingual LLMs,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Wanru Zhao , Yihong Chen , Royson Lee , Xinchi Qiu , Yan Gao , Hongxiang Fan , Nicholas D. Lane

Large language models (LLMs) are at the forefront of transforming numerous domains globally. However, their inclusivity and effectiveness remain limited for non-Latin scripts and low-resource languages. This paper tackles the imperative…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-08 Somnath Kumar , Vaibhav Balloli , Mercy Ranjit , Kabir Ahuja , Tanuja Ganu , Sunayana Sitaram , Kalika Bali , Akshay Nambi

English pretrained language models, which make up the backbone of many modern NLP systems, require huge amounts of unlabeled training data. These models are generally presented as being trained only on English text but have been found to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-18 Terra Blevins , Luke Zettlemoyer

In recent years, researchers tend to pre-train ever-larger language models to explore the upper limit of deep models. However, large language model pre-training costs intensive computational resources and most of the models are trained from…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-10-15 Cheng Chen , Yichun Yin , Lifeng Shang , Xin Jiang , Yujia Qin , Fengyu Wang , Zhi Wang , Xiao Chen , Zhiyuan Liu , Qun Liu

The advent of deep learning has led to a significant gain in machine translation. However, most of the studies required a large parallel dataset which is scarce and expensive to construct and even unavailable for some languages. This paper…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-04-04 Viet H. Pham , Thang M. Pham , Giang Nguyen , Long Nguyen , Dien Dinh

Adapting large language models (LLMs) to new languages typically involves continual pre-training (CT) followed by supervised fine-tuning (SFT). However, this CT-then-SFT approach struggles with limited data in the context of low-resource…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-10 Mingxu Tao , Chen Zhang , Quzhe Huang , Tianyao Ma , Songfang Huang , Dongyan Zhao , Yansong Feng

Multilingual models are often particularly dependent on scaling to generalize to a growing number of languages. Compression techniques are widely relied upon to reconcile the growth in model size with real world resource constraints, but…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-29 Kelechi Ogueji , Orevaoghene Ahia , Gbemileke Onilude , Sebastian Gehrmann , Sara Hooker , Julia Kreutzer

Massively multilingual transformers pretrained with language modeling objectives (e.g., mBERT, XLM-R) have become a de facto default transfer paradigm for zero-shot cross-lingual transfer in NLP, offering unmatched transfer performance.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-05-05 Anne Lauscher , Vinit Ravishankar , Ivan Vulić , Goran Glavaš

Using a language model (LM) pretrained on two languages with large monolingual data in order to initialize an unsupervised neural machine translation (UNMT) system yields state-of-the-art results. When limited data is available for one…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-07 Alexandra Chronopoulou , Dario Stojanovski , Alexander Fraser

It is today acknowledged that neural network language models outperform backoff language models in applications like speech recognition or statistical machine translation. However, training these models on large amounts of data can take…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2015-07-08 Aram Ter-Sarkisov , Holger Schwenk , Loic Barrault , Fethi Bougares