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In this article, we provide an accessible introduction to the emerging idea of Age of Information (AoI) that quantifies freshness of information and explore its possible role in the efficient design of freshness-aware Internet of Things…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2019-12-10 Mohamed A. Abd-Elmagid , Nikolaos Pappas , Harpreet S. Dhillon

Age-of-information (AoI) is a critical metric that quantifies the freshness of data in communication systems. In the era of the Internet of Things (IoT), data collected by resource-constrained devices often need to be transmitted to a…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-05-22 Ching-Chi Lin , Mario Günzel , Jian-Jia Chen

In this paper, a novel joint energy and age of information (AoI) optimization framework for IoT devices in a non-stationary environment is presented. In particular, IoT devices that are distributed in the real-world are required to…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2023-12-04 Zhenzhen Gong , Omar Hashash , Yingze Wang , Qimei Cui , Wei Ni , Walid Saad , Kei Sakaguchi

In this paper, we investigate the age-of-information (AoI) of a power domain non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) network, where multiple internet-of-things (IoT) devices transmit to a common gateway in a grant-free random fashion. More…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-02-10 Felippe Moraes Pereira , Jamil de Araujo Farhat , João Luiz Rebelatto , Glauber Brante , Richard Demo Souza

In the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT), the frequent transmission of large amounts of data over wireless networks should meet the stringent timeliness requirements. Particularly, the freshness of packet status updates has a significant…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-21 Yuang Chen , Fengqian Guo , Chang Wu , Shuyi Liu , Hancheng Lu , Chang Wen Chen

In this paper, we are interested in symbiotic radio networks, in which an Internet-of-Things (IoT) network parasitizes in a primary network to achieve spectrum-, energy-, and infrastructure-efficient communications. Specifically, the BS…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-05-13 Qianqian Zhang , Ying-Chang Liang , H. Vincent Poor

The growing complexity of cyber threats has rendered static firewalls increasingly ineffective for dynamic, real-time intrusion prevention. This paper proposes a novel AI-driven dynamic firewall optimization framework that leverages deep…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-09 Taimoor Ahmad

In this paper, we investigate the scheduling issue of diesel generators (DGs) in an Internet of Things (IoT)-Driven isolated microgrid (MG) by deep reinforcement learning (DRL). The renewable energy is fully exploited under the uncertainty…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-07 Jiaju Qi , Lei Lei , Kan Zheng , Simon X. Yang , Xuemin , Shen

In Internet of Things (IoTs), the freshness of system status information is crucial for real-time monitoring and decision-making. This paper studies the transmission scheduling problem in wireless monitoring systems, where information…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Yuchong Zhang , Yi Cao , Xianghui Cao

Many real-time applications of the Internet of Things (IoT) need to deal with correlated information generated by multiple sensors. The design of efficient status update strategies that minimize the Age of Correlated Information (AoCI) is a…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Chao Xu , Xinyan Zhang , Howard H. Yang , Xijun Wang , Nikolaos Pappas , Dusit Niyato , Tony Q. S. Quek

The proliferation of the Internet of Things (IoT) has led to an explosion of data generated by interconnected devices, presenting both opportunities and challenges for intelligent decision-making in complex environments. Traditional…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-08 Gaith Rjoub , Saidul Islam , Jamal Bentahar , Mohammed Amin Almaiah , Rana Alrawashdeh

In this work, we consider a remote monitoring scenario in which multiple sensors share a wireless channel to deliver their status updates to a process monitor via an access point (AP). Moreover, we consider that the sensors randomly arrive…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2022-02-21 Yash Deshpande , Onur Ayan , Wolfgang Kellerer

Internet of Things (IoT) networks have become ubiquitous as autonomous computing, communication and collaboration among devices become popular for accomplishing various tasks. The use of relays in IoT networks further makes it convenient to…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-04-26 Biplav Choudhury , Prasenjit Karmakar , Vijay K. Shah , Jeffrey H. Reed

In the wake of disruptive IoT technologies generating massive amounts of diverse data, Machine Learning (ML) will play a crucial role in bringing intelligence to Internet of Things (IoT) networks. This paper provides a comprehensive…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-12-30 Zhengdong Li

Internet of Things (IoT) devices have become increasingly ubiquitous with applications not only in urban areas but remote areas as well. These devices support industries such as agriculture, forestry, and resource extraction. Due to the…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Ethan Fettes , Pablo G. Madoery , Halim Yanikomeroglu , Gunes Karabulut-Kurt , Abhishek Naik , Colin Bellinger , Stephane Martel , Khaled Ahmed , Sameera Siddiqui

With the rapid development of Mobile Edge Computing (MEC), various real-time applications have been deployed to benefit people's daily lives. The performance of these applications relies heavily on the freshness of collected environmental…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-26 Xingqiu He , Chaoqun You , Tony Q. S. Quek

The integration of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) with Internet of Things (IoT) networks offers promising solutions for efficient data collection. However, the limited energy capacity of UAVs remains a significant challenge. In this case,…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-07-14 Geng Sun , Likun Zhang , Jiahui Li , Jing Wu , Jiacheng Wang , Zemin Sun , Changyuan Zhao , Victor C. M. Leung

Caching has been regarded as a promising technique to alleviate energy consumption of sensors in Internet of Things (IoT) networks by responding to users' requests with the data packets stored in the edge caching node (ECN). For real-time…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2020-03-03 Chao Xu , Xijun Wang , Howard H. Yang , Hongguang Sun , Tony Q. S. Quek

Age of information (AoI) is gaining attention as a valuable performance metric for many IoT systems, in which a large number of devices report time-stamped updates to a central gateway. This is the case, for instance, of remote sensing,…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2021-02-16 Andrea Munari

The increasing demand for electricity, coupled with the rise in greenhouse gas emissions, necessitates the integration of Renewable Energy Sources (RESs) into power grids. However, the fluctuating nature of RESs introduces new challenges in…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Ali Mohammadi Ruzbahani