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Search has been proposed as an effective method for self-improving language models and agentic systems, both for post-training sample generation and for inference. However, widely used methods such as best-of-N sampling and tree search face…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Guowei Xu , Zhenting Qi , Huangyuan Su , Weirui Ye , Himabindu Lakkaraju , Sham M. Kakade , Yilun Du

Recent pre-trained language models have shown promising capabilities in generating fluent and realistic natural language text. However, generating multi-sentence text with global content planning has been a long-existing research question.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-12-13 Yinhong Liu , Yixuan Su , Ehsan Shareghi , Nigel Collier

Large-scale pre-trained language models have demonstrated strong capabilities of generating realistic text. However, it remains challenging to control the generation results. Previous approaches such as prompting are far from sufficient,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-11-10 Xu Zou , Da Yin , Qingyang Zhong , Ming Ding , Hongxia Yang , Zhilin Yang , Jie Tang

Large Language Models (LLMs) often struggle to maintain their original performance when faced with semantically coherent but task-irrelevant contextual information. Although prior studies have explored this issue using fixed-template or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Yanbo Wang , Zixiang Xu , Yue Huang , Chujie Gao , Siyuan Wu , Jiayi Ye , Pin-Yu Chen , Xiuying Chen , Xiangliang Zhang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated a powerful ability for text generation. However, achieving optimal results with a given prompt or instruction can be challenging, especially for billion-sized models. Additionally, undesired…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-07 Lifu Tu , Semih Yavuz , Jin Qu , Jiacheng Xu , Rui Meng , Caiming Xiong , Yingbo Zhou

This paper presents an innovative exploration of the application potential of large language models (LLM) in addressing the challenging task of automatically generating behavior trees (BTs) for complex tasks. The conventional manual BT…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Fu Li , Xueying Wang , Bin Li , Yunlong Wu , Yanzhen Wang , Xiaodong Yi

Video generation has achieved remarkable progress in visual fidelity and controllability, enabling conditioning on text, layout, or motion. Among these, motion control - specifying object dynamics and camera trajectories - is essential for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Muhammed Burak Kizil , Enes Sanli , Niloy J. Mitra , Erkut Erdem , Aykut Erdem , Duygu Ceylan

Dynamic programming (DP) is a fundamental method in operations research, but formulating DP models has traditionally required expert knowledge of both the problem context and DP techniques. Large Language Models (LLMs) offer the potential…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Chenyu Zhou , Jingyuan Yang , Linwei Xin , Yitian Chen , Ziyan He , Dongdong Ge

Text-to-speech (TTS) has advanced from generating natural-sounding speech to enabling fine-grained control over attributes like emotion, timbre, and style. Driven by rising industrial demand and breakthroughs in deep learning, e.g.,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Tianxin Xie , Yan Rong , Pengfei Zhang , Wenwu Wang , Li Liu

Recently, preference optimization methods such as DPO have significantly enhanced large language models (LLMs) in wide tasks including dialogue and question-answering. However, current methods fail to account for the varying difficulty…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-31 Jingyuan Ma , Rui Li , Zheng Li , Lei Sha , Zhifang Sui

Sequence generation and prediction form a cornerstone of modern machine learning, with applications spanning natural language processing, program synthesis, and time-series forecasting. These tasks are typically modeled in an autoregressive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Vincenzo Collura , Karim Tit , Laura Bussi , Eleonora Giunchiglia , Maxime Cordy

Advancements in natural language generation (NLG) and large language models (LLMs) have led to proficient text generation in various tasks. However, integrating intricate constraints into neural text generation, due to LLMs' opacity,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-22 Xiang Chen , Xiaojun Wan

Aligning language models (LMs) with user intent is becoming increasingly relevant to enhance user experience. This calls for designing methods that can allow users to control the properties of the language that LMs generate, for example,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Vinay Samuel , Harshita Diddee , Yiming Zhang , Daphne Ippolito

Current language models demonstrate remarkable proficiency in text generation. However, for many applications it is desirable to control attributes, such as sentiment, or toxicity, of the generated language -- ideally tailored towards each…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-09 Justin Lovelace , Varsha Kishore , Yiwei Chen , Kilian Q. Weinberger

Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) have spurred interest in robotic navigation that incorporates complex spatial, mathematical, and conditional constraints from natural language into the planning problem. Such constraints…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Amin Seffo , Aladin Djuhera , Masataro Asai , Holger Boche

The dominant language modeling paradigm handles text as a sequence of discrete tokens. While that approach can capture the latent structure of the text, it is inherently constrained to sequential dynamics for text generation. We propose a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-11-02 Noe Casas , José A. R. Fonollosa , Marta R. Costa-jussà

Despite rapid advancement in the field of Constrained Natural Language Generation, little time has been spent on exploring the potential of language models which have had their vocabularies lexically, semantically, and/or phonetically…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-29 Allen Roush , Sanjay Basu , Akshay Moorthy , Dmitry Dubovoy

Incorporating prior knowledge like lexical constraints into the model's output to generate meaningful and coherent sentences has many applications in dialogue system, machine translation, image captioning, etc. However, existing RNN-based…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-11-20 Dayiheng Liu , Jie Fu , Qian Qu , Jiancheng Lv

Large language models (LLMs) like ChatGPT and GPT-4 have attracted great attention given their surprising performance on a wide range of NLP tasks. Length controlled generation of LLMs emerges as an important topic, which enables users to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-03 Renlong Jie , Xiaojun Meng , Lifeng Shang , Xin Jiang , Qun Liu

Generative language models (LMs) such as GPT-2/3 can be prompted to generate text with remarkable quality. While they are designed for text-prompted generation, it remains an open question how the generation process could be guided by…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-06-01 Yixuan Su , Tian Lan , Yahui Liu , Fangyu Liu , Dani Yogatama , Yan Wang , Lingpeng Kong , Nigel Collier