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In this pedagogical work we reviewed the mathematical formalism and the physical interpretation, based on statistical mechanics, of the meta-heuristics called simulated annealing. Moreover, we presented the mathematical formulation of the…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2021-04-09 Paulo J. P. de Souza

The ML-Constructive heuristic is a recently presented method and the first hybrid method capable of scaling up to real scale traveling salesman problems. It combines machine learning techniques and classic optimization techniques. In this…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-08-03 Tommaso Vitali , Umberto Junior Mele , Luca Maria Gambardella , Roberto Montemanni

Multi-robot path finding in dynamic environments is a highly challenging classic problem. In the movement process, robots need to avoid collisions with other moving robots while minimizing their travel distance. Previous methods for this…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-12 Shaoming Peng

We propose a learning algorithm for solving the traveling salesman problem based on a simple strategy of trial and adaptation: i) A tour is selected by choosing cities probabilistically according to the ``synaptic'' strengths between…

adap-org · Physics 2009-10-28 Kan Chen

In this paper we tackle the Team Orienteering Problem with Service Times, Mandatory Nodes and Incompatibilities, introduced in~\cite{Guastalla2024} and arising from two real-world healthcare applications. We propose two heuristic algorithms…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-07-09 Alberto Guastalla , Roberto Aringhieri , Pierre Hosteins

This paper addresses the on-demand meeting-point-based feeder electric bus routing and charging scheduling problem under charging synchronization constraints. The problem considered exhibits the structure of the location routing problem,…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-02-12 Tai-Yu Ma , Yumeng Fang , Richard D. Connors , Francesco Viti , Haruko Nakao

This paper addresses the problem of managing perishable inventory under multiple sources of uncertainty, including stochastic demand, unreliable supplier fulfillment, and probabilistic product shelf life. We develop a discrete-event…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Leonardo Kanashiro Felizardo , Edoardo Fadda , Mariá Cristina Vasconcelos Nascimento

In the bipartite travelling salesman problem (BTSP), we are given $n=2k$ cities along with an $n\times n$ distance matrix and a partition of the cities into $k$ red and $k$ blue cities. The task is to find a shortest tour which alternately…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-02-13 Vladimir G. Deineko , Bettina Klinz , Gerhard J. Woeginger

Was investigated in this paper the use of a search strategy in the problem of finding the best path among multiple origins and multiple destinations. In this kind of problem, it must be decided within a lot of combinations which is the best…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-12-23 Daniel Aragão Abreu Filho

This paper deals with the Pollution-Routing Problem (PRP), a Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP) with environmental considerations, recently introduced in the literature by [Bektas and Laporte (2011), Transport. Res. B-Meth. 45 (8), 1232-1250].…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2014-04-22 Raphael Kramer , Anand Subramanian , Thibaut Vidal , Lucídio dos Anjos Formiga Cabral

We combine ideas from uni-directional and bi-directional heuristic search, and approximation algorithms for the Traveling Salesman Problem, to develop a novel framework for a Multi-Goal Path Finding (MGPF) problem that provides a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-03-17 Kenny Chour , Sivakumar Rathinam , Ramamoorthi Ravi

Meta-heuristics are frequently used to tackle NP-hard combinatorial optimization problems. With this paper we contribute to the understanding of the success of 2-opt based local search algorithms for solving the traveling salesman problem…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2012-08-14 Olaf Mersmann , Bernd Bischl , Heike Trautmann , Markus Wagner , Frank Neumann

Combinatorial optimization is widely applied in a number of areas nowadays. Unfortunately, many combinatorial optimization problems are NP-hard which usually means that they are unsolvable in practice. However, it is often unnecessary to…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2012-07-10 Daniel Karapetyan

The Multiple-Depot Vehicle Scheduling Problem (MDVSP) is very important in the planning process of transport systems. It consists in assigning a set of trips to a set of vehicles in order to minimize a certain total cost. We introduce three…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-05-01 Emanuel Florentin Olariu , Cristian Frasinaru

In this paper, we study a new Workforce Scheduling and Routing Problem, denoted Multiperiod Workforce Scheduling and Routing Problem with Dependent Tasks. In this problem, customers request services from a company. Each service is composed…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-08-10 Dilson Lucas Pereira , Júlio César Alves , Mayron César de Oliveira Moreira

The optimal visiting problem is the optimization of a trajectory that has to touch or pass as close as possible to a collection of target points. The problem does not verify the dynamic programming principle, and it needs a specific…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-01-04 Fabio Bagagiolo , Adriano Festa , Luciano Marzufero

The 2-Opt heuristic is a simple improvement heuristic for the Traveling Salesman Problem. It starts with an arbitrary tour and then repeatedly replaces two edges of the tour by two other edges, as long as this yields a shorter tour. We will…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2021-01-26 Ulrich A. Brodowsky , Stefan Hougardy

In this paper, we study a variant of the dynamic ridesharing problem with a specific focus on peak hours: Given a set of drivers and rider requests, we aim to match drivers to each rider request by achieving two objectives: maximizing the…

Databases · Computer Science 2020-04-07 Hui Luo , Zhifeng Bao , Farhana M. Choudhury , J. Shane Culpepper

The travelling salesman problem (TSP) is one of the well-studied NP-hard problems in the literature. The state-of-the art inexact TSP solvers are the Lin-Kernighan-Helsgaun (LKH) heuristic and Edge Assembly crossover (EAX). A recent study…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-09-14 Swetha Varadarajan , Darrell Whitley

The Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP) is one of the most extensively researched and widely applied combinatorial optimization problems. It is NP-hard even in the symmetric and metric case. Building upon elaborate research, state-of-the-art…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-01-30 Sabrina C. L. Ammann , Birte Ostermann , Sebastian Stiller , Timo de Wolff