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Related papers: Phishing Detection through Email Embeddings

200 papers

Despite sophisticated phishing email detection systems, and training and awareness programs, humans continue to be tricked by phishing emails. In an attempt to better understand why phishing email attacks still work and how best to mitigate…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-10-08 Asangi Jayatilaka , Nalin Asanka Gamagedara Arachchilage , Muhammad Ali Babar

The use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) to detect phishing emails is primarily dependent on large-scale centralized datasets, which opens it up to a myriad of privacy, trust, and legal issues. Moreover, organizations are loathed to share…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-24 Chandra Thapa , Jun Wen Tang , Alsharif Abuadbba , Yansong Gao , Seyit Camtepe , Surya Nepal , Mahathir Almashor , Yifeng Zheng

The escalating threat of phishing emails has become increasingly sophisticated with the rise of Large Language Models (LLMs). As attackers exploit LLMs to craft more convincing and evasive phishing emails, it is crucial to assess the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-11-22 Khalifa Afane , Wenqi Wei , Ying Mao , Junaid Farooq , Juntao Chen

Phishing email attacks are among the most common and most harmful cybersecurity attacks. With the emergence of generative AI, phishing attacks can be based on emails generated automatically, making it more difficult to detect them. That is,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-05-10 Chibuike Samuel Eze , Lior Shamir

Phishing email is a serious cyber threat that tries to deceive users by sending false emails with the intention of stealing confidential information or causing financial harm. Attackers, often posing as trustworthy entities, exploit…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-15 Mohammad Amaz Uddin , Md Mahiuddin , Iqbal H. Sarker

Phishing attacks on enterprise employees present one of the most costly and potent threats to organizations. We explore an understudied facet of enterprise phishing attacks: the email relay infrastructure behind successfully delivered…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-12-18 Elisa Luo , Liane Young , Grant Ho , M. H. Afifi , Marco Schweighauser , Ethan Katz-Bassett , Asaf Cidon

Phishing is an increasingly sophisticated form of cyberattack that is inflicting huge financial damage to corporations throughout the globe while also jeopardizing individuals' privacy. Attackers are constantly devising new methods of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-03-18 Asif Newaz , Farhan Shahriyar Haq , Nadim Ahmed

Phishing emails typically masquerade themselves as reputable identities to trick people into providing sensitive information and credentials. Despite advancements in cybersecurity, attackers continuously adapt, posing ongoing threats to…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-09-13 Sijie Zhuo , Robert Biddle , Jared Daniel Recomendable , Giovanni Russello , Danielle Lottridge

Large language models(LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable performance on many natural language processing(NLP) tasks and have been employed in phishing email detection research. However, in current studies, well-performing LLMs typically…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-06 Zijie Lin , Zikang Liu , Hanbo Fan

Recently, we can observe a significant increase of the phishing attacks in the Internet. In a typical phishing attack, the attacker sets up a malicious website that looks similar to the legitimate website in order to obtain the end-users'…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-14 Zijiang Yang

The threat of phishing attacks in financial systems is continuously growing. Therefore, protecting sensitive information from unauthorized access is paramount. This paper discusses the critical need for robust email phishing detection.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Novruz Amirov , Leminur Celik , Egemen Ali Caner , Emre Yurdakul , Fahri Anil Yerlikaya , Serif Bahtiyar

Every day, our inboxes are flooded with unsolicited emails, ranging between annoying spam to more subtle phishing scams. Unfortunately, despite abundant prior efforts proposing solutions achieving near-perfect accuracy, the reality is that…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Luca Pajola , Eugenio Caripoti , Stefan Banzer , Simeone Pizzi , Mauro Conti , Giovanni Apruzzese

In this paper, we present findings from a large-scale and long-term phishing experiment that we conducted in collaboration with a partner company. Our experiment ran for 15 months during which time more than 14,000 study participants…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-12-15 Daniele Lain , Kari Kostiainen , Srdjan Capkun

Email tracking allows email senders to collect fine-grained behavior and location data on email recipients, who are uniquely identifiable via their email address. Such tracking invades user privacy in that email tracking techniques gather…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2018-06-12 Johannes Haupt , Benedict Bender , Benjamin Fabian , Stefan Lessmann

Phishing is one of the most effective ways in which cybercriminals get sensitive details such as credentials for online banking, digital wallets, state secrets, and many more from potential victims. They do this by spamming users with…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-11-27 Tosin Ige , Christopher Kiekintveld , Aritran Piplai , Amy Waggler , Olukunle Kolade , Bolanle Hafiz Matti

Phishing emails pose a persistent and increasingly sophisticated threat, undermining email security through deceptive tactics designed to exploit both semantic and structural vulnerabilities. Traditional detection methods, often based on…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-26 Ibrahim Altan , Abdulla Bachir , Yousuf Parbhulkar , Abdul Muksith Rizvi , Moshiur Farazi

Spear Phishing is a harmful cyber-attack facing business and individuals worldwide. Considerable research has been conducted recently into the use of Machine Learning (ML) techniques to detect spear-phishing emails. ML-based solutions may…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-01-04 Keelan Evans , Alsharif Abuadbba , Tingmin Wu , Kristen Moore , Mohiuddin Ahmed , Ganna Pogrebna , Surya Nepal , Mike Johnstone

Anti-phishing aims to detect phishing content/documents in a pool of textual data. This is an important problem in cybersecurity that can help to guard users from fraudulent information. Natural language processing (NLP) offers a natural…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-05-07 Minh Nguyen , Toan Nguyen , Thien Huu Nguyen

Modern organizations are persistently targeted by phishing emails. Despite advances in detection systems and widespread employee training, attackers continue to innovate, posing ongoing threats. Two emerging vectors stand out in the current…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Marie Weinz , Nicola Zannone , Luca Allodi , Giovanni Apruzzese

Smishing, or SMS-based phishing, poses an increasing threat to mobile users by mimicking legitimate communications through culturally adapted, concise, and deceptive messages, which can result in the loss of sensitive data or financial…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Shaghayegh Hosseinpour , Sanchari Das