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Related papers: Causal Perception in Question-Answering Systems

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Many modern causal questions ask how treatments affect complex outcomes that are measured using wearable devices and sensors. Current analysis approaches require summarizing these data into scalar statistics (e.g., the mean), but these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-22 Srikar Katta , Harsh Parikh , Cynthia Rudin , Alexander Volfovsky

Causal world models are systems that can answer counterfactual questions about an environment of interest, i.e. predict how it would have evolved if an arbitrary subset of events had been realized differently. It requires understanding the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Gaël Gendron , Jože M. Rožanec , Michael Witbrock , Gillian Dobbie

Computational analysis of time-course data with an underlying causal structure is needed in a variety of domains, including neural spike trains, stock price movements, and gene expression levels. However, it can be challenging to determine…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2012-05-14 Samantha Kleinberg , Bud Mishra

Being able to provide explanations for a model's decision has become a central requirement for the development, deployment, and adoption of machine learning models. However, we are yet to understand what explanation methods can and cannot…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-16 Amir-Hossein Karimi , Krikamol Muandet , Simon Kornblith , Bernhard Schölkopf , Been Kim

Over the past two decades, the rapid surge in data-intensive computational techniques for statistical modeling may have had the effect of diminishing the use of applied mathematics in causal scientific inquiry. In this paper, co-authored by…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2026-05-13 Marzieh Asgari-Targhi , Amene Asgari-Targhi , Mahboubeh Asgari-Targhi , Edward J. , Hall

Counterfactual explanations are increasingly used to address interpretability, recourse, and bias in AI decisions. However, we do not know how well counterfactual explanations help users to understand a systems decisions, since no large…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-04-04 Greta Warren , Mark T Keane , Ruth M J Byrne

It is well-known that audio classifiers often rely on non-musically relevant features and spurious correlations to classify audio. Hence audio classifiers are easy to manipulate or confuse, resulting in wrong classifications. While inducing…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-01-26 David A. Kelly , Hana Chockler

This work shows how to leverage causal inference to understand the behavior of complex learning systems interacting with their environment and predict the consequences of changes to the system. Such predictions allow both humans and…

Recent years have seen a surge of interest in learning high-level causal representations from low-level image pairs under interventions. Yet, existing efforts are largely limited to simple synthetic settings that are far away from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-04 Yuejiang Liu , Alexandre Alahi , Chris Russell , Max Horn , Dominik Zietlow , Bernhard Schölkopf , Francesco Locatello

We develop a mathematical and interpretative foundation for the enterprise of decision-theoretic statistical causality (DT), which is a straightforward way of representing and addressing causal questions. DT reframes causal inference as…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2020-04-28 A. Philip Dawid

Machine Learning and AI have the potential to transform data-driven scientific discovery, enabling accurate predictions for several scientific phenomena. As many scientific questions are inherently causal, this paper looks at the causal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Riccardo Cadei , Lukas Lindorfer , Sylvia Cremer , Cordelia Schmid , Francesco Locatello

One of the basic aims in science is to unravel the chain of cause and effect of particular systems. Especially for large systems this can be a daunting task. Detailed interventional and randomized data sampling approaches can be used to…

Methodology · Statistics 2016-11-30 Seyed Mahdi Mahmoudi , Ernst Wit

Causal belief is a cognitive practice that humans apply everyday to reason about cause and effect relations between factors, phenomena, or events. Like optical illusions, humans are prone to drawing causal relations between events that are…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Shahreen Salim , Md Naimul Hoque , Klaus Mueller

Causal and attribution studies are essential for earth scientific discoveries and critical for informing climate, ecology, and water policies. However, the current generation of methods needs to keep pace with the complexity of scientific…

Applications · Statistics 2022-09-27 Elizabeth Eldhose , Tejasvi Chauhan , Vikram Chandel , Subimal Ghosh , Auroop R. Ganguly

Practitioners making decisions based on causal effects typically ignore structural uncertainty. We analyze when this uncertainty is consequential enough to warrant methodological solutions (Bayesian model averaging over competing causal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-01 Maurits Kaptein

Causal inference has become an accepted analytic framework in settings where experimentation is impossible, which is frequently the case in sports analytics, particularly for studying in-game tactics. However, subtle differences in…

Applications · Statistics 2025-05-20 Shomoita Alam , Erica E. M. Moodie , Lucas Y. Wu , Tim B. Swartz

As machine learning and algorithmic decision making systems are increasingly being leveraged in high-stakes human-in-the-loop settings, there is a pressing need to understand the rationale of their predictions. Researchers have responded to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-07 Jonathan Dinu , Jeffrey Bigham , J. Zico Kolter

Recent theoretical work in causal inference has explored an important class of variables which, when conditioned on, may further amplify existing unmeasured confounding bias (bias amplification). Despite this theoretical work, existing…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-03-20 Tyrel Stokes , Russell Steele , Ian Shrier

Causal models bring many benefits to decision-making systems (or agents) by making them interpretable, sample-efficient, and robust to changes in the input distribution. However, spurious correlations can lead to wrong causal models and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-09 Sergei Volodin , Nevan Wichers , Jeremy Nixon

Causality analysis is an important problem lying at the heart of science, and is of particular importance in data science and machine learning. An endeavor during the past 16 years viewing causality as real physical notion so as to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-04-26 X. San Liang