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Quantum key distribution (QKD) offers an unconditionally secure means of communication based on the laws of quantum mechanics. Currently, a major challenge is to achieve a QKD system with a 40 dB channel loss, which is required if we are to…

Quantum key distribution (QKD) has been emerged as a promising solution for guaranteeing information-theoretic security. Inspired by this, a great amount of research effort has been recently put on designing and testing QKD systems as well…

Improvement in secure transmission of information is an urgent practical need for governments, corporations and individuals. Quantum key distribution (QKD) promises security based on the laws of physics and has rapidly grown from…

Quantum key distribution (QKD) promises information-theoretic security based on quantum mechanics and idealized device models. Practical implementations, however, deviate from these models due to unavoidable device imperfections, and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-14 Álvaro Navarrete , Guillermo Currás-Lorenzo , Margarida Pereira , Marcos Curty

Quantum-key-distribution (QKD) networks are gaining importance and it has become necessary to analyze the most appropriate methods for their long-distance interconnection. In this paper, four different methods of interconnecting remote QKD…

Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) is a leading technology for enabling information-theoretic secure communication, with protocols such as BB84 and its variants already deployed in practical field implementations. As QKD evolves from…

Quantum key distribution (QKD) has the potential to improve communications security by offering cryptographic keys whose security relies on the fundamental properties of quantum physics. The use of a trusted quantum receiver on an orbiting…

Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) is a technology that allows secure key exchange between two distant users. A widespread adoption of QKD requires the development of simple, low-cost, and stable systems. However, implementation of the current…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-05-12 Di Ma , Xin Liu , Chunfeng Huang , Huasheng Chen , Huanbin Lin , Kejin Wei

The accelerating digitalization and decentralization of modern power systems expose critical communication infrastructures to escalating cyber risks, particularly under emerging quantum computing threats. This paper presents an integrated…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-20 Ziqing Zhu

Quantum key distribution (QKD) is a cryptographic technique that uses quantum mechanical principles to enable secure key exchange. Practical deployment of QKD requires robust, cost-effective systems that can operate in challenging field…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-07 Rui Guan , Jingchun Yu , Zhaoyun Li , Hongbo Xie , Yuxing Wei , Sen Li , Jing Wen , Xiaodong Liang , Yanwei Li , Kejin Wei

Ongoing technological progress is accelerating the commercial and global-scale deployment of Quantum Key Distribution (QKD). Its ability to enable unconditionally secure communication is expected to be a key feature of future…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-16 Davide Scalcon , Matteo Padovan , Paolo Villoresi , Giuseppe Vallone , Marco Avesani

Quantum key distribution (QKD) promises secure key agreement by using quantum mechanical systems. We argue that QKD will be an important part of future cryptographic infrastructures. It can provide long-term confidentiality for encrypted…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-01-25 Douglas Stebila , Michele Mosca , Norbert Lütkenhaus

One of the obstacles to deployment of QKD solutions has been the distance limitation. Solutions using relays have been proposed but these rely on link-by-link key establishment. We present a new technique to extend the distance of a quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-11-17 Stephen M. Barnett , Simon J. D. Phoenix

Quantum key distribution (QKD) provides information theoretically secures key exchange requiring authentication of the classic data processing channel via pre-sharing of symmetric private keys. In previous studies, the lattice-based…

Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) enables secure communications via the exchange of cryptographic keys exploiting the properties of quantum mechanics. Nowadays the related technology is mature enough for production systems, thus field…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-06-27 Claudio Cicconetti , Marco Conti , Andrea Passarella

Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) offers information-theoretic security by leveraging quantum mechanics, yet the cost and complexity of dedicated hardware and fiber infrastructure have so far limited large-scale deployment and experimentation.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-18 Blanca Lopez , Angela Diaz-Bricio , Javier Perez , Ivan Vidal , Francisco Valera

Satellite-based quantum terminals are a feasible way to extend the reach of quantum communication protocols such as quantum key distribution (QKD) to the global scale. To that end, prior demonstrations have shown QKD transmissions from…

We develop a novel key routing algorithm for quantum key distribution (QKD) networks that utilizes a distribution of keys between remote, i.e., not directly connected by a QKD link, nodes through multiple non-overlapping paths. This…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-04 Evgeniy O. Kiktenko , Andrey Tayduganov , Aleksey K. Fedorov

A working free-space quantum key distribution (QKD) system has been developed and tested over an outdoor optical path of ~1 km at Los Alamos National Laboratory under nighttime conditions. Results show that QKD can provide secure real-time…

Current technological progress is driving Quantum Key Distribution towards a commercial and world widescale expansion. Its capability to deliver unconditionally secure communication will be a fundamental feature in the next generations of…