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A tuple (s1,t1,s2,t2) of vertices in a simple undirected graph is 2-linked when there are two vertex-disjoint paths respectively from s1 to t1 and s2 to t2. A graph is 2-linked when all such tuples are 2-linked. We give a new and simple…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-08-15 Samuel Humeau , Damien Pous

Let $S,T$ be two distinct finite Abelian groups with $|S|=|T|$. A fundamental theorem of Tutte shows that a graph admits a nowhere-zero $S$-flow if and only if it admits a nowhere-zero $T$-flow. Jaeger, Linial, Payan and Tarsi in 1992…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-09-16 Miaomiao Han , Jiaao Li , Xueliang Li , Meiling Wang

An ISK4 in a graph G is an induced subgraph of G that is isomorphic to a subdivision of K4 (the complete graph on four vertices). A wheel is a graph that consists of a chordless cycle, together with a vertex that has at least three…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-02-09 Martin Milanič , Irena Penev , Nicolas Trotignon

Tutte proved that 4-connected planar graphs are Hamiltonian. It is unknown if there is an analogous result on 1-planar graphs. In this paper, we characterize 4-connected 1-planar chordal graphs, and show that all such graphs are…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-04-25 Licheng Zhang , Yuanqiu Huang , Shengxiang Lv , Fengming Dong

We build unbounded classes of plane and projective plane multiwheels that are 4-critical that are received summing odd wheels as edge sums modulo two. These classes can be considered as ascending from single common graph that can be…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2012-02-23 Dainis Zeps

Tutte's $3$-flow conjecture states that every $4$-edge-connected graph admits a nowhere-zero $3$-flow. In this paper, we characterize all graphs with independence number at most $4$ that admit a nowhere-zero $3$-flow. The characterization…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-07-24 Jiaao Li , Rong Luo , Yi Wang

A graph G is weakly 4-connected if it is 3-connected, has at least five vertices, and for every pair of sets (A,B) with union V(G) and intersection of size three such that no edge has one end in A-B and the other in B-A, one of the induced…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2014-01-14 Rajneesh Hegde , Robin Thomas

There is a rich history of studying the existence of cycles in planar graphs. The famous Tutte theorem on the Hamilton cycle states that every 4-connected planar graph contains a Hamilton cycle. Later on, Thomassen (1983), Thomas and Yu…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-06-03 Ping Xu , Huiqiu Lin , Longfei Fang

The graph reconstruction conjecture states that all graphs on at least three vertices are determined up to isomorphism by their deck. In this paper, a general framework for this problem is proposed to simply explain the reconstruction of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-10-26 Ameneh Farhadian

We introduce a new model of indeterminacy in graphs: instead of specifying all the edges of the graph, the input contains all triples of vertices that form a connected subgraph. In general, different (labelled) graphs may have the same set…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2023-03-14 Paul Bastide , Linda Cook , Jeff Erickson , Carla Groenland , Marc van Kreveld , Isja Mannens , Jordi L. Vermeulen

We provide a way to produce knots in $S^3$ from signed chord diagrams, and prove that every knot can be produced in this way. Using these diagrams, we generalize the fundamental theorem of finite type invariants. We also provide moves for…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2018-07-02 Cole Hugelmeyer

The Bar\'at-Thomassen conjecture asserts that for every tree $T$ on $m$ edges, there exists a constant $k_T$ such that every $k_T$-edge-connected graph with size divisible by $m$ can be edge-decomposed into copies of $T$. So far this…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-11-09 Julien Bensmail , Ararat Harutyunyan , Tien-Nam Le , Martin Merker , Stéphan Thomassé

Considering systems of separations in a graph that separate every pair of a given set of vertex sets that are themselves not separated by these separations, we determine conditions under which such a separation system contains a nested…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2014-09-02 Johannes Carmesin , Reinhard Diestel , Fabian Hundertmark , Maya Stein

A 4-wheel is a graph formed by a cycle C and a vertex not in C that has at least four neighbors in C. We prove that a graph G that does not contain a 4-wheel as a subgraph is 4-colorable and we describe some structural properties of such a…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2012-04-19 Pierre Aboulker

In this paper we consider two natural notions of connectivity for hypergraphs: weak and strong. We prove that the strong vertex connectivity of a connected hypergraph is bounded by its weak edge connectivity, thereby extending a theorem of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-08-15 Megan Dewar , David Pike , John Proos

The square of a graph is obtained by adding additional edges joining all pair of vertices of distance two in the original graph. Particularly, if $C$ is a hamiltonian cycle of a graph $G$, then the square of $C$ is called a hamiltonian…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2014-12-02 Guantao Chen , Songling Shan

We study the computation of the Tutte polynomials of fan-like graphs and obtain expressions of their Tutte polynomials via generating functions. As applications, Tutte polynomials, in particular, the number of spanning trees, of two kinds…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-02-04 Tianlong Ma , Xian'an Jin , Fuji Zhang

We give constructive proofs for the existence of uniquely hamiltonian graphs for various sets of degrees. We give constructions for all sets with minimum 2 (a trivial case added for completeness), all sets with minimum 3 that contain an…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-12-04 Gunnar Brinkmann , Matthias De Pauw

Barnette's Conjecture claims that all cubic, 3-connected, planar, bipartite graphs are Hamiltonian. We give a translation of this conjecture into the matching-theoretic setting. This allows us to relax the requirement of planarity to give…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-08-17 Maximilian Gorsky , Raphael Steiner , Sebastian Wiederrecht

A fourientation of a graph $G$ is a choice for each edge of the graph whether to orient that edge in either direction, leave it unoriented, or biorient it. We may naturally view fourientations as a mixture of subgraphs and graph…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-08-14 Spencer Backman , Sam Hopkins , Lorenzo Traldi