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In classic Kelly gambling, bets are chosen to maximize the expected log growth of wealth, under a known probability distribution. Breiman provides rigorous mathematical proofs that Kelly strategy maximizes the rate of asset growth…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-06-11 Qingyun Sun , Stephen Boyd

The focal point of this paper is the so-called Kelly Criterion, a prescription for optimal resource allocation among a set of gambles which are repeated over time. The criterion calls for maximization of the expected value of the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2017-10-06 Chung-Han Hsieh , B. Ross Barmish

In this paper, we consider a simple discrete-time optimal betting problem using the celebrated Kelly criterion, which calls for maximization of the expected logarithmic growth of wealth. While the classical Kelly betting problem can be…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-03-11 Chung-Han Hsieh

The paper provides a mathematical model and a tool for the focused investing strategy as advocated by Buffett, Munger, and others from this investment community. The approach presented here assumes that the investor's role is to think about…

Portfolio Management · Quantitative Finance 2024-02-27 Vuko Vukcevic , Robert Keser

Betting games provide a natural setting to capture how information yields strategic advantage. The Kelly criterion for betting, long a cornerstone of portfolio theory and information theory, admits an interpretation in the limit of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-15 Maite Arcos , Renato Renner , Jonathan Oppenheim

We investigate the problem of gambling with uncertainty in outcome probabilities. Stochastic optimization models are proposed for optimal investing on events with mutually exclusive outcomes when probabilities are estimated using…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2017-08-03 Michael R. Metel

This study presents a rigorous mathematical approach to the optimization of round and betting policies in Blackjack, using Markov Decision Processes (MDP) and Expected Utility Theory. The analysis considers a direct confrontation between a…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-05-05 Lucas Bordeu , Javier Castro

Following a series of works on capital growth investment, we analyse log-optimal portfolios where the return evaluation includes `weights' of different outcomes. The results are twofold: (A) under certain conditions, the logarithmic growth…

Probability · Mathematics 2017-08-15 Mark Kelbert , Izabella Stuhl , Yuri Suhov

Kelly criterion, that maximizes the expectation value of the logarithm of wealth for bookmaker bets, gives an advantage over different class of strategies. We use projective symmetries for a explanation of this fact. Kelly's approach allows…

Physics and Society · Physics 2009-11-13 Edward W. Piotrowski , Malgorzata Schroeder

While the Kelly portfolio has many desirable properties, including optimal long-term growth rate, the resulting investment strategy is rather aggressive. In this paper, we suggest a unified approach to the risk assessment of the Kelly…

Risk Management · Quantitative Finance 2025-03-25 Levon Hakobyan , Sergey Lototsky

Kelly betting is a prescription for optimal resource allocation among a set of gambles which are typically repeated in an independent and identically distributed manner. In this setting, there is a large body of literature which includes…

Portfolio Management · Quantitative Finance 2017-10-06 Chung-Han Hsieh , B. Ross Barmish , John A. Gubner

We consider the classic Kelly gambling problem with general distribution of outcomes, and an additional risk constraint that limits the probability of a drawdown of wealth to a given undesirable level. We develop a bound on the drawdown…

Portfolio Management · Quantitative Finance 2016-03-22 Enzo Busseti , Ernest K. Ryu , Stephen Boyd

We investigate the most popular approaches to the problem of sports betting investment based on modern portfolio theory and the Kelly criterion. We define the problem setting, the formal investment strategies, and review their common…

Portfolio Management · Quantitative Finance 2021-07-20 Matej Uhrín , Gustav Šourek , Ondřej Hubáček , Filip Železný

Prompted by a recent experiment by Victor Haghani and Richard Dewey, this note generalises the Kelly strategy (optimal for simple investment games with log utility) to a large class of practical utility functions and including the effect of…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2016-12-07 Arjun Viswanathan

Financial markets, with their vast range of different investment opportunities, can be seen as a system of many different simultaneous games with diverse and often unknown levels of risk and reward. We introduce generalizations to the…

Portfolio Management · Quantitative Finance 2008-12-10 Matus Medo , Yury M. Pis'mak , Yi-Cheng Zhang

The main purpose of this study is to introduce a semi-classical model describing betting scenarios in which, at variance with conventional approaches, the payoff of the gambler is encoded into the internal degrees of freedom of a quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-09-22 Salvatore Tirone , Maddalena Ghio , Giulia Livieri , Vittorio Giovannetti , Stefano Marmi

For a sequence of binary bets, the Kelly criterion provides a closed-form solution that maximizes the expected growth rate of wealth. In contrast, when multiple bets are placed simultaneously (e.g., in portfolio allocation or prediction…

Mathematical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2026-04-30 Ruslan Tepelyan , Daniel Lam

Consider a gambling game in which we are allowed to repeatedly bet a portion of our bankroll at favorable odds. We investigate the question of how to minimize the expected number of rounds needed to increase our bankroll to a given target…

Probability · Mathematics 2011-12-06 Thomas P. Hayes

A sequence of spin-1/2 particles polarised in one of two possible directions is presented to an experimenter, who can wager in a double-or-nothing game on the outcomes of measurements in freely chosen polarisation directions. Wealth is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-08-03 Bernhard K Meister , Henry C W Price

We study the problem of optimizing the betting frequency in a dynamic game setting using Kelly's celebrated expected logarithmic growth criterion as the performance metric. The game is defined by a sequence of bets with independent and…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2018-08-23 Chung-Han Hsieh , B. Ross Barmish , John A. Gubner
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