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Related papers: Contextual Temperature for Language Modeling

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Pretrained Transformers can perform in-context learning (ICL) from a few demonstrations, but this ability can fail sharply when the test distribution differs from pretraining, a common deployment setting. We study attention temperature as a…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-05-12 Samet Demir , Zafer Dogan

Large language models (LLMs) achieve impressive results in terms of fluency in text generation, yet the nature of their linguistic knowledge - in particular the human-likeness of their internal lexicon - remains uncertain. This study…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Maria Andueza Rodriguez , Marie Candito , Richard Huyghe

Learning rate scheduling is crucial for training large language models, yet understanding the optimal annealing strategies across different model configurations remains challenging. In this work, we investigate the transferability of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-17 Siqi Wang , Zhengyu Chen , Teng Xiao , Zheqi Lv , Jinluan Yang , Xunliang Cai , Jingang Wang , Xiaomeng Li

We study the continual pretraining recipe for scaling language models' context lengths to 128K, with a focus on data engineering. We hypothesize that long context modeling, in particular \textit{the ability to utilize information at…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-16 Yao Fu , Rameswar Panda , Xinyao Niu , Xiang Yue , Hannaneh Hajishirzi , Yoon Kim , Hao Peng

The paper proposes a computationally feasible method for measuring context-sensitive semantic distance between words. The distance is computed by adaptive scaling of a semantic space. In the semantic space, each word in the vocabulary V is…

cmp-lg · Computer Science 2008-02-03 Hideki Kozima , Akira Ito

To train neural machine translation models simultaneously on multiple tasks (languages), it is common to sample each task uniformly or in proportion to dataset sizes. As these methods offer little control over performance trade-offs, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-09-17 Sébastien Jean , Orhan Firat , Melvin Johnson

Climate-Eval is a comprehensive benchmark designed to evaluate natural language processing models across a broad range of tasks related to climate change. Climate-Eval aggregates existing datasets along with a newly developed news…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Murathan Kurfalı , Shorouq Zahra , Joakim Nivre , Gabriele Messori

Curriculum learning-organizing training data from easy to hard-has improved efficiency across machine learning domains, yet remains underexplored for language model pretraining. We present the first systematic investigation of curriculum…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Yang Zhang , Amr Mohamed , Hadi Abdine , Guokan Shang , Michalis Vazirgiannis

Topic models extract groups of words from documents, whose interpretation as a topic hopefully allows for a better understanding of the data. However, the resulting word groups are often not coherent, making them harder to interpret.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-18 Federico Bianchi , Silvia Terragni , Dirk Hovy

Process reward models (PRMs) have demonstrated significant efficacy in enhancing the mathematical reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs) by leveraging test-time scaling (TTS). However, while most PRMs exhibit substantial…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Haotian Zhang , Liu Liu , Baosheng Yu , Jiayan Qiu , Likang Xiao , Yanwei Ren , Quan Chen , Xianglong Liu

We propose ContextLM, a framework that implicitly learns multi-token prediction by augmenting standard pretraining with an intrinsic next-context prediction objective. ContextLM builds a language model on top of context embeddings that span…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Beiya Dai , Yuliang Liu , Daozheng Xue , Yunchong Song , Qipeng Guo , Kai Chen , Xinbing Wang , Bowen Zhou , Zhouhan Lin

We present a qualitative analysis of the (potentially erroneous) outputs of contextualized embedding-based methods for detecting diachronic semantic change. First, we introduce an ensemble method outperforming previously described…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-09-02 Andrey Kutuzov , Erik Velldal , Lilja Øvrelid

Determining changes in global temperature and precipitation that may indicate climate change is complicated by annual variations. One approach for finding potential climate change indicators is to train a model that predicts the year from…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2022-12-09 Charles Anderson , Jason Stock

For semantic segmentation, label probabilities are often uncalibrated as they are typically only the by-product of a segmentation task. Intersection over Union (IoU) and Dice score are often used as criteria for segmentation success, while…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-07-28 Zhipeng Ding , Xu Han , Peirong Liu , Marc Niethammer

Simulated annealing is an effective and general means of optimization. It is in fact inspired by metallurgy, where the temperature of a material determines its behavior in thermodynamics. Likewise, in simulated annealing, the actions that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-01 Avrim Blum , Chen Dan , Saeed Seddighin

Precise and reliable climate projections are required for climate adaptation and mitigation, but Earth system models still exhibit great uncertainties. Several approaches have been developed to reduce the spread of climate projections and…

Language models can learn sophisticated language understanding skills from fitting raw text. They also unselectively learn useless corpus statistics and biases, especially during finetuning on domain-specific corpora. In this paper, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-05 Xiao Zhang , Miao Li , Ji Wu

Recent work in neural machine translation has demonstrated both the necessity and feasibility of using inter-sentential context -- context from sentences other than those currently being translated. However, while many current methods…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-03 Patrick Fernandes , Kayo Yin , Graham Neubig , André F. T. Martins

Memorization in language models is widely studied but remains difficult to isolate and control. Understanding when and what models memorize is essential for explaining their predictions, yet existing approaches are post-hoc: they can detect…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Xiangbo Zhang , Ali Emami

Massively Multilingual Language Models (MMLMs) have recently gained popularity due to their surprising effectiveness in cross-lingual transfer. While there has been much work in evaluating these models for their performance on a variety of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-25 Kabir Ahuja , Sunayana Sitaram , Sandipan Dandapat , Monojit Choudhury